오리엔트 문학 원형과 동서 문학으로의 전이 과정 연구 - 문학 원형의 양면성을 탐색하며 -

Abstract

This paper begins with a review on the characteristics of the ancient literary form in the Orient(West Asia) and introduces the first literary works of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China and Greece. In ancient Orient literature, its character of a literary form was defined as ‘verse typed Dastan(story)’ which lasted until the Middle Ages and it is also understood as the most important form of literature that mankind should study. Chapter Ⅲ refers to the meaning of literary archetype in ancient and medieval Orient areas. Later, I explore double-sidedness of ancient Oriental literature and analyze its influence on medieval Persian literature, in particular. Finally I mention the transmitted process of Orient literature to the East and the West. The oldest people in ancient Orient were the Semites and the Aryans, and they developed their literary thoughts on the basis of monotheism and pantheism, respectively. Monotheism and pantheism mean the double-sidedness of ancient Oriental literature. In this paper, Oriental literature seeks to distinguish between Arab and Jewish literature of the Semites and Persian literature of the Aryans. Islam of the Semites, which emerged in the Arabian Peninsula, had a strong influence on the Persian Empire of the Aryans. After the Middle Ages, Persian literary thought took a new turn with the fusion of pantheism and monotheism. Until now, the literary thought of medieval Persia has been largely understood in terms of monotheism. Such fallacy is also a stumbling block to the understanding of East and West literary thoughts, which are the essence of literature. This is because the present East and West literature has been influenced by Oriental literature in ancient and medieval era. In the last chapter(the transmission to the East-West literature), ‘the transmitted process to Europe’ was based on medieval Spain. It refers to the transmitted process of Orient’s Persian literature to Spain under the name of Arab literature. In this paper, it reveals direct links to Persian literature, including the origin of Zazal in medieval Spain. Analyzing the works of 『Feng Shen Yen-i (yanyi)』 from the Ming Dynasty, in ‘the transmission to East Asia’, I refer to the influence of the Saka tribe on ancient China through ‘Tale(legendary) literature’.