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학습과 옥시토신

Learning and Oxytocin

이영민|이병대|정영인
대한생물치료정신의학회 (Korean Society Of Biological Therapies In Psychiatry)|2019.10|생물치료정신의학 (Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Therapies in Psychiatry)|제25권 제3호|pp. 192-204|DOI 10.22802/jksbtp.2019.25.3.192

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참고문헌

키워드

옥시토신·신경전달물질·인지·학습· 외상후 스트레스장애·우울증
주제분류정신과학

초록

Neuropeptide oxytocin serves as a neuromodulator in the brain and as a hormone in the body. Oxytocin as a hypothalamic hormone causes contractions during the second and third stages of labor and lets milk come out during breast feeding. As a neuromodulator, oxytocin that influences social affiliative behavior plays an important role in social cognition and emotional learning. Recent studies showed that oxytocin affects basic fear learning and fear extinction precess in a social context. Furthermore, oxytocin has anxiolytic and stress-dampening effects when combined with social support, i.e. a safety stimuli. Also, oxytocin enhances basic emotional learning precesses of both acquisition and extinction of an emotional content while simultaneously decreasing pain experiences. Oxytocin has involvement in attachment, and is shown to improve positive affective behavior in romantic relations. Social buffering effects that social touch and emotional and physical intimacy play crucial roles in coping with negative effects are assumed to be mediated through brain oxytocin mechanisms. Researches indicate that oxytocin significantly inhibits hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in response to stress, and consequently reduces cortisol levels. Conversely, exposure to stress triggers the release of intrahypothalamic and plasma oxytocin. These results suggest that oxytocin may be a new pavement in treating post-traumatic stress disorder and depression.

Abstract

Neuropeptide oxytocin serves as a neuromodulator in the brain and as a hormone in the body. Oxytocin as a hypothalamic hormone causes contractions during the second and third stages of labor and lets milk come out during breast feeding. As a neuromodulator, oxytocin that influences social affiliative behavior plays an important role in social cognition and emotional learning. Recent studies showed that oxytocin affects basic fear learning and fear extinction precess in a social context. Furthermore, oxytocin has anxiolytic and stress-dampening effects when combined with social support, i.e. a safety stimuli. Also, oxytocin enhances basic emotional learning precesses of both acquisition and extinction of an emotional content while simultaneously decreasing pain experiences. Oxytocin has involvement in attachment, and is shown to improve positive affective behavior in romantic relations. Social buffering effects that social touch and emotional and physical intimacy play crucial roles in coping with negative effects are assumed to be mediated through brain oxytocin mechanisms. Researches indicate that oxytocin significantly inhibits hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in response to stress, and consequently reduces cortisol levels. Conversely, exposure to stress triggers the release of intrahypothalamic and plasma oxytocin. These results suggest that oxytocin may be a new pavement in treating post-traumatic stress disorder and depression.

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