문학도시 ‘하이토(俳都)’ 마쓰야마(松山)의형성 과정에 관한 고찰

Abstract

The present paper notes that local places of humanities discovered under the landscape framework during modern times are still actively used as tourism resources today, and examines how Matsuyama established its image as a city of literature (俳都: Haiku-city) among other small cities across Japan. As the hot spring town named Dōgo Onsen is located in the suburb of Matsuyama, and the city was introduced for its popularity in the tour guidebooks that had been published nationwide since the early 1900s. However, these guidebooks introduced Matsuyama simply as a city near Dōgo Onsen, and Matsuyama was nothing but additional information for Dōgo Onsen. It was the late 1900s that Matsuyama published its own local guidebooks and began to express its local characteristics. The guidebooks that introduced Matsuyama were written by Haiku authors (俳人: Haijin) in Haidan since the mid-1900s. The guidebooks included Haiku related to each attraction, which strongly reminded that Matsuyama is the birthplace of modern literature Haiku. In the 1910s when local guidebooks were published across many different parts of the country, Haiku was collected by a network of Haiku authors in Matsuyama and organized by place and figure. Given that Matsuyama’s local guidebooks were written and described by those who created Haiku themselves, it was no surprise that the completed local guidebooks had strong literature value. During the 1920-30s, no guidebook published by Matsuyama was found, and Matsuyama was represented simply as a city of Jōkamachi or hot spring during this period where there was no local guidebook. As seen in Matsuyama’s guidebooks in the 1940s, guidebooks including many Haiku were newly written and published, transforming the image of Matsuyama from the city of history Jōkamachi into the city of literature Haito. By introducing the city in connection with Shiki and Sōseki, two of the greatest authors in modern Japanese literature, the guidebooks further reinforced Matsuyama’s image as the city of literature.