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나노섬유 방사노즐 설계를 위한 거미 실크 방적장치의 생체모사 분석

Biomimetic Analysis on the Spider Silk Apparatus for Designing the Nanofiber-spinning Nozzle

박종구|김훈|문명진
한국현미경학회 (Korean Society Of Microscopy)|2012.06|Applied Microscopy|제42권 제2호|pp. 67-76|DOI http://dx.doi.org/

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참고문헌

키워드

BiomimeticsNanofiberSpigotDragline silkNozzle
주제분류자연과학일반

초록

고강성 나노섬유 생산이 가능한 전기방사장치 방사노즐의 설계를 위해 자연을 모방하는 공학적 방법론을 도입하여, 무당거미(Nephila clavata L.Koch) 대병상선의 토사관과 그 생체방적시스템이 지닌 미세구조적 특성을 고해상도의 전자현미경 관찰을 통해 분석하였다. 자연계에서 가장 강도가 높은 드래그라인을생성, 분비하는 대병상선의 토사관은 bullet type spigot을 통해전방적돌기 표면에 개구되어 있었으며, 신축성 구조를 지닌 토사관 말단마디의 노즐을 통해 고체상의 실크가 생성되었다. 분비낭과 토사관 사이를 연결한 분비관은 루프를 형성한 후 방적돌기에 수납되었고, 분비관 내강의 직경은 점진적으로 축소되어 노즐을 통해 방사되는 실크의 직경은 펀넬 부위의 1/10 이하인 것으로 관찰되었다. 한편, 실크 중합과정에서 수분을 제거하기 위한큐티클의 특수구조가 관찰되었는데, 분비낭의 펀넬 부위에서는해면상 큐티클 구조가 그리고 분비관의 말단부에서는 비후된subcuticle 구조와 함께 잘 발달된 상피의 미세융모 층이 확인되었다. 또한 분비관의 내강부 큐티클 표면에서 확인된 나선형 강선구조는 실크 전구물질의 신속한 유동을 촉진하는 장치일 것으로 해석되었다.

Abstract

The biomimetic approach on the cuticular spinning nozzles of the major ampullate silk glands in the golden-web spider Nephila calvata has been attempted using various visualizing techniques of light and electron microscopes to improve the design of spinning nozzle for producing synthetic nanofibers spun from electrospinning apparatus. The major ampullate spigot which has the most effective nozzle system to produce nanofibers for dragline silk with high strength and elasticity is connected via the bullet type spigot on anterior spinneret with flexible terminal segment. The excretory duct which transports the liquid silk feedstock from ampulla to spigot is divided into 3 limbs by loops back on itself to form an S-shape morphology that is bundled in connective tissue. Final diameter of the nanofibers at nozzle was dramatically reduced by gradual narrowing of duct cuticle less than 10 times comparing to its original size of funnel region. Moreover, the funnel has a characteristic cuticular organization with porous microstructure which seems to be related to water removal from feedstock of silk precursors. High magnification electron micrographs also reveal the presence of the spiral grooves on the surface of the cuticular intima near the valve which presumed to reduce friction during rapid flow of liquid silk.

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