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미국 항공산업 노선구조의 진화에 대한 재고찰

A Research Note on the Evolution of the U.S. Airline Route Networks

한재훈|박남규|배백식
한국전략경영학회 (Korean Strategic Management Society)|2011.04|전략경영연구 (Journal of Strategic Management)|제14권 제1호|pp. 1-23|DOI 10.17786/jsm.2011.14.1.001

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키워드

노선구조 네트워크 진화미국 항공산업척도없는 네트워크Evolution of route networkUS airline industryScale-free network
주제분류경영학

초록

미국 항공산업에 대한 많은 선행 연구들이 미국 항공산업에서 중앙집중형(hub-and-spoke) 항공노선망이 발전하게 된 주요한 계기를 1978년부터 시작된 항공산업에 대한 규제완화라고 밝히고 있다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 중앙집중형 항공노선망의 출현은 규제완화로 인한 것이 아닌, 항공산업의 역사적 성장에 따른 자연적 결과이며, 규제완화가 실시되기 훨씬 이전에 이미 중앙집중형 항공노선망이 출현하였다는 사실을 규명하고자 한다. 이러한 사실을 규명하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 네트워크 이론을 기반으로 하여 미국 항공산업의 역사적 발전을 정성적 및 정량적으로 분석하였다. 1930년대부터 2000년대까지 70여년에 걸친 미국 항공산업의 발전 역사를 10년을 주기로 관찰하였으며, 5대 주요 항공사의 노선망 구조에 대한 자료를 분석하였다. 실증자료에 대한 분석 결과는 항공산업에 대한 규제완화가 실시되기 훨씬 이전부터 미국내 주요 도시를 중심으로 중앙집중형 항공노선 구조가 형성되었으며, 중앙집중형 노선구조는 규제완화에 따른 급진적 결과물이 아닌 오랜 시간에 걸친 항공노선의 자연적 진화에 따른 현상이라는 것을 보여주고 있다.

Abstract

While previous studies on the United States (US) airline industry have argued that the Hub and Spoke (HAS) route network became dominant due to the Deregulation Act in 1978, this study will show that in reality it grew in increments as part of a natural evolution within the industry and existed much earlier than 1978. In the perspective of network theory, this study analyzed the US airline route networks both qualitatively and quantitatively. We analyzed the history of US airline industry at ten-year intervals from the 1930s to 2000 and collected data of concerning route network evolution for the five largest US airline companies. Our results show that the dominant form of HAS route network emerged much earlier than the industry deregulation, and that it is the outcome of natural evolution over the history.

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