동학이 종교적 토착화에 실패한 요인들

Abstract

Dong-hak(東學) which appeared in the 1860’s was the religious ideology creating by itself during Chosun dynasty(朝鮮). It quickly spread to the peasants in the southern Chosun provinces extending its influence and it also played an important role in the 1894 Peasant War. However, it completely came to ruin after the failure of the Peasant War. There is no doubt that Dong-hak is an important research subject both in social and ideological history, therefore there have already been many examinations into them. However, there is no research into the causes of its failure, why Dong-hak failed to modernize. This is indeed important. Although Dong-hak had a wide popular base in the southern Chosun provinces, why did it come to disappear so easily? It can't be explained by the social factors of the failure of the Peasant War so, it must be by Dong-hak's religious defect. The analysis of Dong-hak could seen social ideologically and religiously. This research focuses on the religious aspects of the failure of Dong-hak to modernize. The analysis follows the comparative religious historical method. According to the results of this research, the reason why Dong-hak failed to change to a modern religion could be summarized as follows.1) There is no doctrine about relief and judgment. 2) It lacks in the organization and unity of the faith. 3) It lacks in dialogical relationship in the spreading process. 4) It doesn't have a clear the world view. 5) The factors to get fortune in this world and the factors of belief in the hereafter are insufficient. 6) The control through the religious ceremony is not systematic.