요동 공손씨정권의 대방군 설치와 그 의미

Abstract

Daifang commandery was established to make up for the collapsed Lolang Commandery. This administrative machinery began to sink from the middle of the second century and Daifang Commandery was established in the early part of the third century. Whereas the Commandery system was originally to be established by the Central Government of the Empire, Daifang Commandery was sets up by Gongsun Kang who maintained a separatist regime in Liaodong. The Gongsun regime remained in power from Gongsun Duo who is father of Kang to Gongsun Yuan for three generations. The Gongsun regime, therefore, deserved to be called the Liaodong Kingdom. The reason why the Later Han Dynasty couldn’t deal with the issue of Lolang Commandery in time and the Liaodong Kingdom could appear was its decline of power. The Liaodong Kingdom separated from China at that time. The Chinese had a concept of ‘overseas region(海外)’ whose counterparts were the Chinese territories. When the Gongsun Family rose up in Liaodong, it was considered not as the Chinese territories but as ‘Overseas region’ which also included Goguryeo, Buyeo, and the ‘Three Han Tribes’. The Liaodong Kingdom was definitely stood out among overseas countries, and Daifang Commandery was established under these circumstances. Daifang Commandery controlled Han(韓) Tribes and the Japanese. The counterpart of their early subjugation was not the Chinese Empire but the Liaodong Kingdom. Dongye(東濊), Okjeo(沃沮), Goguryo(高句麗), and Buyeo(夫餘), which were controlled by Lolang Commandery and Xuantu Commandery, were under the same situations. The Liaodong Kingdom lasted for fifty years and the tribute of the Eastern Barbarian Dynasties was paid not to the China Empire but to the Liaodong Kingdom until it was defeated by the Wei Dynasty in 238. The Liaodong Kingdom was the suzerain state of East Asia, including Manchuria, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan. Thereby, Daifang Commandery played an important role in these circumstances. (Yeungnam University/ojkwon@ynu.ac.kr)