‘멜랑콜리’와 탈식민 ‘정치’: W. B. 예이츠의 경우
‘Melancholy’ and Postcolonial ‘Politics’ in W. B. Yeats Case
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Abstract
In the period of nationalism, W. B. Yeats's works address the loss of nation and resolute fights for independence and remembrance of the fighters killed in the struggles. Freudian ideas of mourning and melancholy and moral masochism and Jacques Rancière's ideas of colonial 'policy' or 'police order' and postcolonial 'politics' can provide effective tools to understand characteristics of the post-colonial works by Yeats. By putting side by side Freud and Rancière, we can produce a combination of mourning-colonial police-order vs. melancholy-post-colonial politics. The colonial police-order induces the colonized Ego to forget the loss of nation and move on to other objects, for example, money, through mourning. Melancholic post-colonial fighters derail the workings of mourning espoused by the colonial policy or police order. Melancholy and moral masochism of the colonized Ego are the driving forces of post-colonial struggles. Melancholy of the colonized Ego and sadism of the Super-Egoic demand of independence and moral masochism of the colonized Ego can explicate the bloody and 'erotic' relationships between the colonized Ego and the womanized ideal of nation, which have been interpreted as 'fatal mistress,' 'eroticized politics' and 'vampirism' by many Yeats critics. But melancholy and moral masochism drove the colonized Ego to fall into a fatal love relation with the female symbol of nation demanding unconditional sacrifice of the colonized Ego, which renders 'eroticized politics' and 'vampirism' noticeable. The nationalist poets incite melancholy of the colonized by recording the deaths of freedom fighters, which in turn will cause melancholy in the colonized people. Evoking melancholy of the colonized leading to moral masochism in their works just by calling the names of the dead fighters, the nationalist poets perform post-colonial fights without campaigning any propagandas. Nationalist poets act 'politically' by demanding remembrance of the (un)dead fighters through their works.
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