1400년 전후 피렌체의 과두정적 국면과 비과두정적 국면

Abstract

Some historians understand the Florentine government from late fourteenth century to early fifteenth century as the ottomatti’s oligarchy. They think civic humanism as a propagana of oligarchy for selfjustification. But other historians seek social sources of the western democracy in the Italian Renaissance. They say that republican idea of the citizens has been alive for several centuries notwithstanding the class conflicts, dictatorship, and the neighbor’s attacks. Some historians emphasis the citizen’s struggles with the ruling class and the conference between political powers. They emphasis the enlarged width of the ruling class and the acceptance of people from minor guilds in the government. The Florentines gave much significance to the lawfulness of the governmental instruments. Signoriga had a absolute power for a time, but people accepted the power of Gonfaloniere and Priores not as individual’s but as total one. They thought of commune as divine one, but they tried to build the free and democratic state. Accordingly they honored the active participation in commune government and supported restrictions for the high officials. They tried to keep the balance of power when they were under the oligarchic government. And belief on civic government did not disappear during late fourteenth and fifteenth Florence. We must regard the reciprocal action between people and ruling class. Some historians failed to view a trait of negotiation in Florentine politics in thirteenth and fourteenth century. In Florence the popular governments and oligarchies appeared repeatedly, and ruling class of the oligarchy was influenced by ideology of the popular regimes. And we must observe that the Florentines, especially the civic humanists highly honored the freedom and equality of the citizens. ‘Agreement and demand’ was a principle in Florence around the 1400s.