예이츠의 「하얀 새들」에 대한 전기적 읽기
A Biographical Reading of W. B. Yeats’s “The White Birds”
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예이츠의 「하얀 새들」에 대한 기존의 독법은 텍스트 내적인 영역에 국한되어 상징의 구조, 출처, 의미를 해석하는 데 치중했다. 그러나 필자는 이 작품에 대해 전기적 읽기를 함으로써 예이츠와 모드 곤의 삶에서 이 작품이 지니는 극적인 의미를 도출하고자 한다. 예이츠의 첫 번째 청혼과 모드 곤의 거절이라는 사건은 이 시의 창작 계기가 된다. 이러한 텍스트 외적 맥락에서 「하얀 새들」은 예이츠와 모드 곤이 연인들로서 주고받은 독특하고도 미묘한 마음의 실제 활동과 교류를 극적으로 보여주는 “삶의 한 단편”으로 기능한다. 텍스트 내적 해석으로는 맛볼 수 없는 새로운 의미가 전기라는 더 넓은 맥락에 의해서 생성되는 것이다. 그럼으로써 이 논문은 작품에 대한 전기적 읽기가 극적 읽기와 반드시 상충될 필요는 없다는 것을 아울러 보여준다.
Abstract
In general interpretations of “The White Birds,” one of W. B. Yeats’s early poems, have been confined to the analysis of the structure, the origins and the meanings of its symbols within the narrow intra-textual context. But this paper aims at construing the dramatic significance of this poem by placing it against the broader extra-textual context of the poet’s biography. Considering the occasion of the poem around Yeats’s first proposal to Maud Gonne and her rejecting it, this poem can be read as “a slice of life” which dramatically embodies the action of the subtle and idiosyncratic passions exchanged between the two lovers. Thus the dramatic and the biographical reading can cooperatively contribute to a more comprehensive and dramatic interpretation of a work of literature.
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