전환기 예이츠 시에 재현된 정치 사회 의식의 양가성: 「1913년 9월」과 「1916년 부활절」을 중심으로
The Ambivalence of Yeats’s Socio-Political Consciousness in the Transitional Period: Focusing on “September 1913” and “Easter 1916”
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예이츠는 「1913년 9월」에서 중산층의 물질중시와 현실안주를 비난하면서, “낭만적 아일랜드”가 사라진 상황을 안타까워한다. 영웅적인 투사들은 목숨을 걸고 싸우다가 죽었지만, 그는 새로운 아일랜드 창조에 중산층과 강경한 민족주의자들을 오히려 방해요인으로 생각한다. 하지만 ‘낭만적 영웅심’이 사라지게 한 현 상황에 자신도 자유로울 수 없음을 인식하면서, 화자인 예이츠의 분열된 혼란스러움이 재현된다. 「1916년 부활절」에서도 부활절봉기에 대한 화자의 유동적인 마음이 잘 나타는데, 봉기에 수반된 폭력에 대한 찬사라기보다는 폭력에 대한 의구심을 드러낸 양가성을 확인할 수 있다. 이 시들에서 재현된 예이츠의 입장과 태도는 고정되거나 미결정의 상태로 끊임없이 출렁이는 이중성을 드러낸다.
Abstract
This essay aims to study the ambivalence of socio-political consciousness as represented in Yeats’s transitional period. In “September 1913,” he regrets that “Romantic Ireland” has disappeared in Ireland, condemning middle-class materialism and their accompanying attitude. Seeing heroic fighters lose their lives, he presents his regrets and troubled positions of the times. In “Easter 1916,” the money-grabbing Catholic middle class, who had up to then been the object of his contempt, are now depicted favorably. There is also an inherent duality in Yeats’s attitudes towards martyrdom and self-sacrifice. His undecidability in these poems reflects the hybrid and ambiguous nature of his colonial identity.
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