셰이머스 히니 시에 나타난 4원소의 유기적 결합
The Organic Conjunction of Four Elements in Seamus Heaney’s Poetry
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셰이머스 히니는 여러 편의 시에서 물, 불, 공기, 흙이라는 4원소의 속성을 드러내고 있다. 물과 흙의 시인이라는 평을 듣는 그는 각 원소의 물질적 속성과 원형을 탐구하며, 이는 바슐라르의 물질적 상상력과 결부될 수 있다. 물질적 상상력은 4원소의 속성을 근원적이고 지속적으로 탐구하여 시적 이미지를 변형하고 재구성하는 것으로 형식적 상상력과 대비된다. 히니 시의 4원소 결합은 경작지나 아일랜드의 고유한 지명의 호수가 등에서 나타나는 일상에서부터 신화의 이미지를 차용한 늪이나 다른 유적지에 이르기까지 다양한 공간에서 나타난다. 또한 흙을 기반으로 공기나 물의 이미지가 특정 공간에서 다른 공간으로 이동하면서 새롭게 결합하고 공존한다. 두 개 이상의 원소 이미지가 발생하고 역사적 사실과 변증법적으로 결합하는 지점은 히니의 유년 시절과 신화적인 이미지와 역사적 사실 그리고 다시 돌아와 새롭게 깨닫는 익숙한 공간이라는 시적 여정과 맞물려 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate Seamus Heaney’s poetic texts in terms of the material imagination and spatial and archetypical images of Gaston Bachelard’s poetics. Material imagination is that a poet dreams, imagines, and perceives four elements, such as fire, water, air, and earth. Unlike formal imagination, it is original and continuous; it transforms and recreates images through dynamic elements’ properties. Heaney extends images of fire, water, and air on the basis of earthly images as we see Bachelard’s analysis of the poetic images. Fire is intense and volatile, with which image Irish historical accidents are associated. And it has an original image like a Greek myth of Prometheus. Water is silent and feminine, with which image Irish daily and productive spaces are associated. And like a well, dark and heavy water denotes Irish mythical etymology as compared with the symbols of English light and sky. Air has attributes of flight and fall. He also uses in his poetry various other dynamical images, such as birds, fishing gut, and abyss.
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