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Yeats’s “Sailing to Byzantium” and The Upanishads

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This paper is an attempt to read Yeats’s “Sailing to Byzantium” using The Upanishads. Above all, Yeats wishes to go away from this physical and material world and go to Byzantium where all is harmonized and unified. The speaker of the poem is in pursuit of such a world. The Upanishads also teaches the same world for us: according to The Upanishads, we should communicate with Brahman, the highest principle, which symbolizes a state of harmony between the spiritual and physical world. Brahman is the highest goal and is represented by Byzantium in this poem.

Abstract

This paper is an attempt to read Yeats’s “Sailing to Byzantium” using The Upanishads. Above all, Yeats wishes to go away from this physical and material world and go to Byzantium where all is harmonized and unified. The speaker of the poem is in pursuit of such a world. The Upanishads also teaches the same world for us: according to The Upanishads, we should communicate with Brahman, the highest principle, which symbolizes a state of harmony between the spiritual and physical world. Brahman is the highest goal and is represented by Byzantium in this poem.

참고문헌 (16)

  1. 대니앨 올브라이트, "Introduction: W. B. Yeats: The Poems", 한국 예이츠 저널, 41(2013), pp.11~48 (2013), 한국예이츠학회
  2. Bornstein, George, "Transformation of Romanticism in Yeats, Eliot and Stevens" (1976), The U of Chicago P
  3. Cowell, Raymond, "Critics on Yeats" (1971), George Allen and Unwin
  4. Craig, Cairns, "Yeats, Eliot, Pound and the Politics of Poetry" (1982), U of Pittsburgh P
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  6. Emig, Rainer, "Modernism in Poetry : Motivations, Structures and Limits" (1995), Longman Publishing
  7. Mascarὀ, Juan, "The Upanishads" (1965), Penguin Books
  8. Parkinson, Thomas, "W. B. Yeats: Self-Critic and the Later Poetry" (1971), U of California P
  9. Perkins, David, "A History of Modern Poetry: From the 1980s to the High Modernist Mode" (1979), Harvard UP
  10. Regueiro, Helen, "The Limits of Imagination : Wordsworth, Yeats, and Stevens" (1976), Cornell UP
  11. Robson, W. W, "Modern English Literature" (1984), Oxford UP
  12. Ryan, Rory, "The Condition of Fire: Yeats and Transcendent Reality", Yeats Eliot Review, 21(2), pp.2~12 (2004)
  13. Schultz, Matthew, "Aestheticism in the Poetry of W. B. Yeats: The Two Byzantium Poems", Literature and Aesthetics, 18(2), pp.229~241 (2008)
  14. Shenghua, Yang, "The Theme of Time in Yeats’s Symbolic Birds", Studies in Literature and Language, 11(1), pp.16~19 (2015)
  15. Smajli, Brikena, "Sailing to Byzantium and Byzantium of W. B. Yeats: A Symbolical Viewpoint According to the Creation of Primal Elements", Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(4), pp.223~230 (2013)
  16. Unterecker, John, "Yeats : A Collection of Critical Essays" (1963), Prentice-Hall

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