아일랜드의 문화민족주의: 예이츠의 참여와 거리두기
W. B. Yeats’s Participation in and Keeping Distance from Ireland’s Cultural Nationalism
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예이츠의 문학 활동은 ‘문화 민족주의’운동을 통해 아일랜드의 독립을 추구하려는 끊임없는 노력으로 볼 수 있다. 그는 아일랜드의 시골에서 오랫동안 구전된 켈트의 전설, 민담, 설화 및 민요에 큰 관심을 갖고 보편적인 경험으로 공유하는 신들, 요정들, 영웅들의 이야기에서 민족의 감정을 되살리려 한다. 예이츠는 복잡한 이해관계로 얽힌 아일랜드의 현실 정치와 거리를 유지하면서도 문화와 민족정신의 회복을 통해 독립을 이룰 수 있다고 믿는다. 한편 예이츠의 신비주의 상징주의 경향의 작품성은 문학의 선동적 기능을 추구하던 강성 아일랜드 민족주의자들과 갈등하고 대립하는 양상으로 전개된다.
Abstract
Yeats pursues Ireland’s independence through the movement of ‘Cultural Nationalism.’ He has been much interested in the Celtic legends, folk tales, myths, and folk songs orally transmitted for a long time in the Irish countryside. He wants to revive the nation’s own emotions in the stories of the gods, fairies, and heroes of Ireland as a universal experience. Although he experiences complex political situations with various interests, he believes that Ireland can achieve independence through the restoration of culture and national spirit, while he maintains distance from real politics. The strict Irish nationalists who demand the role of literature as propaganda often show doubts and confront Yeats’s cultural nationalism tinged with mysticism and symbolism.
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