통일 이후 신라 將軍制의 변화 - 將軍號에 대한 분석을 중심으로 -

Abstract

After unification, Silla(新羅)'s Janggun(將軍) system showed a different appearance from before, such as the emergence of a Janggun as a standing official and the attribution of the Janggun's title to an individual. The SiwuibuJanggun(侍衛府將軍) established in the first year(681) of King Sinmun(神文王) should be regarded as a standing Janggun considering the appointment regulations and roles. Before installing the SiwuibuJanggun, the head of the royal guard was a SiwuibuDaegam(侍衛府大監). In order to overcome the unstable political situation around the time of his accession, King Shinmun is believed to have replaced the position in charge of the royal guard with a Janggun that can immediately activate the military command. However, this also resulted in the transfer of the king's own authority, the military command, to the SiwuibuJanggun at all times. The Nine-SeodangJanggun(九誓幢將軍) is believed to have been a standing Janggun for the same reason. In particular, based on the characteristics of being composed of people from subordinate groups in addition to Silla, it played a role in visually decorating the authority of the king. However, the increase in the number of standing Jangguns was likely to disperse military command rights to others depending on whether the king controlled them. Meanwhile, it can be confirmed that the method before unification was maintained through the appointment of a Janggun during the invasion of Balhae(渤海) during the reign of King Seongdeok(聖德王). It seems that the SooncheongunJanggun(順天軍將軍) who appeared in the late Silla period was fixed to Kim, Woongwon(金雄元), who was the only one who had the position due to the specificity of the unit in command. The HyogiJanggun(驍騎將軍) carved in the tombstone piece of the tomb of King Heungdeok(興德王) is considered a nickname for the SiwuibuJanggun. A figure belonging to a powerful Jingol(眞骨) took control of the Siwuibu and monopolized the title of the person in charge. The personal attribution of the title of the Janggun was likely to negatively affect the royal authority in terms of the authority of military orders. The PyeongdongJanggun(平東將軍) was inevitably chosen in a situation where Kim, Yang(金陽), not a member of Cheonghaejin(淸海鎭), had to command Cheonghaejin's military power. But it was a reflection of the situation at the time when the exercise of military orders was restricted even though he was a Janggun. The fact that the JinhaeJanggun(鎭海將軍) was given to Goongbok(弓福), who could not be appointed as a Janggun due to regulations, can be said to be an example of the decline of the Janggun system. In conjunction with the decline of the Janggun system at the end of Silla, the authority of the Janggun was further lowered as more and more local influential people called themselves Janggun. And eventually the Jijoojaegunsa(知州諸軍事) replaced the Janggun.