포크너와 타자의 냄새
William Faulkner and the Smell of Others
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This essay investigates how William Faulkner presents the olfactory experiences through which his characters recognize others as a process of othering. The stereotyped smell in his novels is revealed not as a reason for hatred but rather as a product. The “negro smell,” Faulkner frequently uses in his novels, is a part of “racial formation,” which occurs through the interactions between social structure and the significations of it in everyday lives. Southern white people in the Reconstruction and Jim Crow era attempted to construct the identity of whiteness by demarcating the color bar. The “negro smell” in Light in August, Go, Down Moses, and Intruder in the Dust is a sign of the parasitical nature of “pure” whiteness, which is only possible through fabricating the identity of African Americans as a “pollutant.” The forced segregation causes shame and anxiety in Faulkner’s characters because racial formation is a fundamentally ideological process that tries to delineate a factitious demarcation. In Intruder in the Dust, Faulkner unfolds the olfactory experience around “black smells’’ into a complicated process within which we should find the “idea” about the smells of others, the “conditions” of the residential inequalities, and social practices termed “acceptance” that solidify ideologies. In some other novels and films, the stereotyped smell of others and people’s hatred of such smell provoke resistance against the discrimination within the social hierarchy. Unlike these efforts, Faulkner’s contemplations on the stereotyped smell of others help one penetrate the constructiveness of the discrimination to challenge the social hierarchy itself.
Abstract
This essay investigates how William Faulkner presents the olfactory experiences through which his characters recognize others as a process of othering. The stereotyped smell in his novels is revealed not as a reason for hatred but rather as a product. The “negro smell,” Faulkner frequently uses in his novels, is a part of “racial formation,” which occurs through the interactions between social structure and the significations of it in everyday lives. Southern white people in the Reconstruction and Jim Crow era attempted to construct the identity of whiteness by demarcating the color bar. The “negro smell” in Light in August, Go, Down Moses, and Intruder in the Dust is a sign of the parasitical nature of “pure” whiteness, which is only possible through fabricating the identity of African Americans as a “pollutant.” The forced segregation causes shame and anxiety in Faulkner’s characters because racial formation is a fundamentally ideological process that tries to delineate a factitious demarcation. In Intruder in the Dust, Faulkner unfolds the olfactory experience around “black smells’’ into a complicated process within which we should find the “idea” about the smells of others, the “conditions” of the residential inequalities, and social practices termed “acceptance” that solidify ideologies. In some other novels and films, the stereotyped smell of others and people’s hatred of such smell provoke resistance against the discrimination within the social hierarchy. Unlike these efforts, Faulkner’s contemplations on the stereotyped smell of others help one penetrate the constructiveness of the discrimination to challenge the social hierarchy itself.
참고문헌 (28)
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