현대중국어 ‘让’자 구문의 화행의미 고찰— 요청 화행에서 나타나는 공손전략을 중심으로
Speech Act Analysis of ‘ràng’ Constructions: Focused on Politeness Strategy in the Request Speech Acts
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This study discussed ‘ràng’ constructions in modern Chinese from the perspective of speech acts and analyzed linguistic politeness strategies in request speech acts. The ‘ràng’ constructions in modern Chinese are also used as markers for causatives and passives and have various illocutionary acts depending on the discursive context. Thus, this study discussed the ‘ràng’ constructions from the point of view of speech acts and examined the ways of the performance of the request speech acts, which exist as a linguistic universal, through the ‘ràng’ constructions. The ‘ràng’ constructions that express requests have the structure: ‘NP1+ràng+NP2+VP,’ syntactically and often appear with NP1 (Subject) omitted. Both action verbs and state verbs can serve as the VP (Predicate) of the ‘ràng’ constructions, which often appear in a reduplicated form like ‘VV’ or with other components like ‘yíxià.’ Semantically, the ‘ràng’ constructions perform request speech acts and are closely related to linguistic politeness. Although the grammatical form of the ‘ràng’ constructions is a causative sentence structure, it is related to the speech acts of indirect requests in that the speaker asks the listener’s permission for what he or she wants. On the surface, as they are enunciated in a causative form of asking for the listener’s permission, they allow the listener to consider options and convey euphemistic and polite nuances to the listener. Such a politeness strategy becomes a mechanism of choice of the ‘ràng’ constructions to perform request speech acts in the actual linguistic environment of the Chinese language.
Abstract
This study discussed ‘ràng’ constructions in modern Chinese from the perspective of speech acts and analyzed linguistic politeness strategies in request speech acts. The ‘ràng’ constructions in modern Chinese are also used as markers for causatives and passives and have various illocutionary acts depending on the discursive context. Thus, this study discussed the ‘ràng’ constructions from the point of view of speech acts and examined the ways of the performance of the request speech acts, which exist as a linguistic universal, through the ‘ràng’ constructions. The ‘ràng’ constructions that express requests have the structure: ‘NP1+ràng+NP2+VP,’ syntactically and often appear with NP1 (Subject) omitted. Both action verbs and state verbs can serve as the VP (Predicate) of the ‘ràng’ constructions, which often appear in a reduplicated form like ‘VV’ or with other components like ‘yíxià.’ Semantically, the ‘ràng’ constructions perform request speech acts and are closely related to linguistic politeness. Although the grammatical form of the ‘ràng’ constructions is a causative sentence structure, it is related to the speech acts of indirect requests in that the speaker asks the listener’s permission for what he or she wants. On the surface, as they are enunciated in a causative form of asking for the listener’s permission, they allow the listener to consider options and convey euphemistic and polite nuances to the listener. Such a politeness strategy becomes a mechanism of choice of the ‘ràng’ constructions to perform request speech acts in the actual linguistic environment of the Chinese language.
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