Dating the Cyclops of Euripides
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Euripides’ play Cyclops is the only complete satyr play that exists. In the past, Cyclops was not one of Euripides’ most analyzed plays; however, scholars have recently starting paying more attention to it. One result of this has been renewed interest in the controversy surrounding its age. Sutton argued that Cyclops was written in 424 BC, Ussher, in 412 BC and Seaford proposed that Cyclops was written after 412 BC, and most likely produced in 408 BC. But all arguments are based on reasoning and not hard evidence. The difficulties of dating Cyclops are, therefore, unresolved. In this paper, I argue that Cyclops must have been performed before the Sicilian Expedition turned into a disaster for the Athenians. My argument is mainly based on two new sets observations: the descriptions of the role of Poseidon and Helen in the play. In my opinion, Cyclops was produced around the time of an intense discussion of the Sicilian Expedition, but before its failure –which means that the play was produced no earlier than 416 and no later than 413. Euripides tried to dissuade the Athenians from embarking on the expedition by emphasizing the remoteness and the possibility of danger in Sicily through the metaphor of the monster Cyclops, and by warning against the maritime empire of Athens through the metaphor of Poseidon, the god of the Sea
Abstract
Euripides’ play Cyclops is the only complete satyr play that exists. In the past, Cyclops was not one of Euripides’ most analyzed plays; however, scholars have recently starting paying more attention to it. One result of this has been renewed interest in the controversy surrounding its age. Sutton argued that Cyclops was written in 424 BC, Ussher, in 412 BC and Seaford proposed that Cyclops was written after 412 BC, and most likely produced in 408 BC. But all arguments are based on reasoning and not hard evidence. The difficulties of dating Cyclops are, therefore, unresolved. In this paper, I argue that Cyclops must have been performed before the Sicilian Expedition turned into a disaster for the Athenians. My argument is mainly based on two new sets observations: the descriptions of the role of Poseidon and Helen in the play. In my opinion, Cyclops was produced around the time of an intense discussion of the Sicilian Expedition, but before its failure –which means that the play was produced no earlier than 416 and no later than 413. Euripides tried to dissuade the Athenians from embarking on the expedition by emphasizing the remoteness and the possibility of danger in Sicily through the metaphor of the monster Cyclops, and by warning against the maritime empire of Athens through the metaphor of Poseidon, the god of the Sea
참고문헌 (23)
- Aristophanes, "Peace", ~
- Aristophanes, "Knights", ~
- Aristophanes, "Ecclesiazusae", ~
- Euripides, "Cyclops", ~
- Euripides, "Andromache", ~
- Euripides, "Helen", ~
- Euripides, "Hippolytus", ~
- Euripides, "Troades", ~
- Sophocles, "Philoctetes", ~
- "Historiai"[URL]
- "Dithyramb 3"[URL]
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- Choi, Hae-Young, "Helen in Euripides’ Works and the Sicilian Expedition", The Western History Review, 110, pp.122~149 (2011)
- 최혜영, "에우리피데스 『히폴리토스』의 역사적 배경 탐구", 서양고전학연구, 54(1), pp.139~167 (2015), 한국서양고전학회
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- Mills, S., "Theseus, Tragedy and the Athenian Empire" (1997), Oxford University Press
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- Paganelli, L., "Echi Storico-Politici nel «Ciclope» Euripideo" (1979), Antenore
- Seaford, R., ""The Date of Euripides’ Cyclops", The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 102, pp.161~172 (1982)
- Seaford, R., "Euripides: Cyclops" (1984), Clarendon Press
- Sutton, D. F., "The Date of Euripides’ Cyclops" (1974), University Microfilms
- Ussher, R. G., "The ‘Cyclops’ of Euripides", Greece & Rome, 18(2), pp.166~179 (1971)