Characteristics of Nasal Resonance and Perceptual Rating in Prelingual Hearing Impaired Adults
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objectives. Resonance problems in hearing impaired (HI) individuals have been described as aspects of nasality. However,there are limitations in being able to explain the range of resonance problems. Therefore, this study suggests a perceptual rating that will effectively explain the characteristics of resonance problems in HI individuals. Methods. Nasalance scores were obtained from 32 subjects in each of HI and normal hearing (NH) groups using a nasometer. The subjects were categorized into groups based on normal and abnormal nasalance ranges. The abnormal nasalance range group was further divided into hyper-, hypo-, and mixed-nasal groups. Nasalance scores were based the individuals performance in a series of passage and syllable tasks. The perceptual rating was evaluated using a newly introduced tool, ‘vertical focus of resonance’ (VFR), which focuses on the resonance energy in the frontal, throat,pharyngeal and nasal locations. Results. The NH group demonstrated a significantly lower nasalance score in the oral coupling and passage tasks than the HI group. Based on the results of nasalance correlation analysis, the HI group showed highly significant correlations between syllable and passage tasks, as contrasted with the NH group. There were significant differences in VFR between the nasalance types in both the NH and the HI groups. Conclusion. The HI hyper-nasal group showed tendencies of velopharyngeal opening, as opposed to the HI hypo-nasal group which showed tendencies of velopharyngeal closure. The HI mixed-nasal group showed inappropriate coordination of velopharyngeal function. In the HI group, the results of VFR showed that the air flow and the resonance energy were not released from the cavity of resonance. The suggested VFR tool explains the focusing characteristics of resonance energy within a continuation of speech sound regardless of the phonetic environment. Therefore, VFR may be a useful tool in explaining the deviant resonance patterns of HI individuals.
Abstract
Objectives. Resonance problems in hearing impaired (HI) individuals have been described as aspects of nasality. However,there are limitations in being able to explain the range of resonance problems. Therefore, this study suggests a perceptual rating that will effectively explain the characteristics of resonance problems in HI individuals. Methods. Nasalance scores were obtained from 32 subjects in each of HI and normal hearing (NH) groups using a nasometer. The subjects were categorized into groups based on normal and abnormal nasalance ranges. The abnormal nasalance range group was further divided into hyper-, hypo-, and mixed-nasal groups. Nasalance scores were based the individuals performance in a series of passage and syllable tasks. The perceptual rating was evaluated using a newly introduced tool, ‘vertical focus of resonance’ (VFR), which focuses on the resonance energy in the frontal, throat,pharyngeal and nasal locations. Results. The NH group demonstrated a significantly lower nasalance score in the oral coupling and passage tasks than the HI group. Based on the results of nasalance correlation analysis, the HI group showed highly significant correlations between syllable and passage tasks, as contrasted with the NH group. There were significant differences in VFR between the nasalance types in both the NH and the HI groups. Conclusion. The HI hyper-nasal group showed tendencies of velopharyngeal opening, as opposed to the HI hypo-nasal group which showed tendencies of velopharyngeal closure. The HI mixed-nasal group showed inappropriate coordination of velopharyngeal function. In the HI group, the results of VFR showed that the air flow and the resonance energy were not released from the cavity of resonance. The suggested VFR tool explains the focusing characteristics of resonance energy within a continuation of speech sound regardless of the phonetic environment. Therefore, VFR may be a useful tool in explaining the deviant resonance patterns of HI individuals.
참고문헌 (27)
- Evans MK, "Acoustic voice analysis of prelingually deaf adults before and after cochlear implantation", J Voice, 21(6), pp.669~682 (2007)
- Fletcher SG, "Nasalance in the speech of children with normal hearing and children with hearing loss", Am J Speech Lang Pathol, 8(3), pp.241~248 (1999)
- Goffman L, "Changes in speech production in a child with a cochlear implant: acoustic and kinematic evidence", J Speech Lang Hear Res, 45(5), pp.891~901 (2002)
- Seifert E, "Changes of voice and articulation in children with cochlear implants", Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 66(2), pp.115~123 (2002)
- Boone DR, "The voice and voice therapy. 7th ed", pp.2005, Pearson
- Kay Elemetrics Co, "Nasometer II model 6400: installation, In operations and maintenance manual, issue C. Lincoln Park" (2003), Kay Elemetrics Co
- Higgins MB, "Speech and voice physiology of children who are hard of hearing", Ear Hear, 26(6), pp.546~558 (2005)
- Fletcher SG, "Nasalance in utterances of hearing-impaired speakers", J Commun Disord, 9(1), pp.63~73 (1976)
- LaPine PR, "Application of nasometry to speech samples of hearing-impaired children", Percept Mot Skills, 73(2), pp.467~475 (1991)
- Lock RB, "Nasality and velopharyngeal function in five hearing impaired adults", J Commun Disord, 17(1), pp.47~64 (1984)
- Andrews ML, "Manual of voice treatment: pediatrics through geriatrics" (1995), Singular Publishing
- McClumpha SL, "Cinefluorographic investigation of velopharyngeal function in selected deaf speakers", Folia Phoniatr (Basel), 21(5), pp.368~374 (1969)
- Higgins MB, "Longitudinal changes in children’s speech and voice physiology after cochlear implantation", Ear Hear, 24(1), pp.48~70 (2003)
- Park MK, "Nasalance scores in normal Koreans", 65th American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association Annual Meetings, pp.14~18 (2008)
- Van Lierde KM, "Comparison of the overall intelligibility, articulation, resonance, and voice characteristics between children using cochlear implants and those using bilateral hearing aids: a pilot study", Int J Audiol, 44(8), pp.452~465 (2005)
- Vallino-Napoli LD, "Examination of the standard deviation of mean nasalance scores in subjects with cleft palate: implications for clinical use", Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 34(6), pp.512~519 (1997)
- Kummer AW, "Cleft palate and craniofacial anomalies: effects on speech and resonance" (2008), Thomson Delmar Learning
- Hardin MA, "Correspondence between nasalance scores and listener judgments of hypernasality and hyponasality", Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 29(4), pp.346~351 (1992)
- Dotevall H, "Nasal airflow patterns during the velopharyngeal closing phase in speech in children with and without cleft palate", Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 38(4), pp.358~373 (2001)
- Shakespeare W, "The art of singing" (1921), Oliver Ditson
- Nguyen LH, "Effect of cochlear implantation on nasality in children", Ear Nose Throat J, 87(3), pp.138~143 (2008)
- Peterson-Falzone SJ, "Cleft palate speech" (2001), Mosby
- Leeper HA, "Temporal characteristics of velopharyngeal function in children", Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 35(3), pp.215~221 (1998)
- Peterson-Falzone SJ, "The clinician’s guide to treating cleft palate speech, In Chapter 3, Effects of cleft and non-cleft VPI on speech in older children", pp.17~40 (2006), Mosby
- Dotevall H, "Aerodynamic assessment of velopharyngeal function during normal speech containing different places of articulation", Folia Phoniatr Logop, 50(2), pp.53~63 (1998)
- Langereis MC, "Effect of cochlear implantation on nasality in post-lingually deafened adults", Folia Phoniatr Logop, 49(6), pp.308~314 (1997)
- Subtelny JD, "Spectral study of deviant resonance in the speech of women who are deaf", J Speech Hear Res, 35(3), pp.574~579 (1992)