대전ㆍ충청 지역의 소아 세균성 수막염에대한 임상적 연구 : 2006-2010
A Clinical Study of Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis in Daejeon and Chungcheong area : 2006-2010
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목 적: 2006-2010년 동안 대전ㆍ충청지역에서신생아기 이후의 소아에서 발생한 세균성 수막염의원인균과 임상양상, 치료경과 및 합병증에 대하여조사하였다. 방 법: 2006년 1월부터 2010년 12월까지 5년간대전ㆍ충청지역의 8개 전공의 수련병원 소아청소년과에 입원하여 세균성 수막염으로 진단 받았던 생후1개월부터 만15세 미만의 소아 24명을 대상으로 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과:대전ㆍ충청지역에서 2006년부터 2010년까지 5년간 발생한 소아 세균 수막염 24명중 원인균주는 S. pneumoniae (37.5%), group B streptococcus (20.8%), E. coli (16.7%), N. meningitidis( 8.3%), H. influenzae (4.2%) 등의 순서로나타났다. 임상 증상으로는 발열(95.8%)과 구토(83.3%)가 가장 많았으며 식욕부진(45.8%), 경련(29.2%), 두통(20.8%) 등이 주된 소견이었다. 뇌척수액 검사상 백혈구 수 1,000/mm3 이상인 경우가 전체의 58.3%였고, 뇌척수액 당량 50 mg/dL 미만이 62.5%, 뇌척수액 단백량 100 mg/dL 이상이78.3%로 나타났다. 장기적인 합병증은 16.7%의 환아에서 발생하였고 빈도 수로는 청력장애가 가장 많았다. 뇌영상 검사상 비정상 소견이 관찰된 41.7% 의 환아 중 경막하 삼출이 25.0%로 가장 많은 빈도를 차지하였다. 결 론: 2006-2010년 동안 대전ㆍ충청지역에서발생한 소아 세균 수막염은 2001년-2005년의 조사와 비교해 보았을 때 전체적인 소아 세균성 수막염의 빈도 및 H. influenzae에 의한 수막염은 크게감소하였으나, S. pneumoniae는 여전히 가장 흔한원인균이었다.
Abstract
Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the causative organisms, clinical manifestations, and prognosis of pediatric patients with bacterial meningitis in Daejeon and Chungcheong area, occurred from 2006 to 2010. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients aged between 1 month and 15 years, diagnosed with bacterial meningitis at 8 university or general hospitals in Daejeon and Chungcheong area. The bacterial meningitis was defined by isolation of organism from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF). The data was collected from January 2006 to December 2010, and analyzed including patient’s demographics, causative organisms, clinical presentation, laboratory findings and complications. Results : During the 5-year study period, 24 patients were diagnosed with CSF culture-proven bacterial meningitis. The most common causative organism was Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae, 37.5%), and the others were group B streptococcus (GBS, 20.8%), Escherichia coli (E. coli, 16.7%), Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis, 8.3%), Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae, 4.2%), respectively. They initially complained of fever (95.8%), vomiting (83.3%), anorexia (45.8%), seizure (29.2%), headache (20.8%). The leukocyte counts exceeding 1,000/mm3 in CSF was observed in 14 patients (58.3%). In 15 patients (62.5%), the glucose concentration in CSF was less than 50 mg/dL, 18 patients showed that the protein concentration in CSF was more than 100 mg/dL. Long-term neurologic sequelae were observed in 4 patients (16.7%) and described as hearing disturbance (2 patients), hemiparesis (1 patient) and endocrine dysfunction (1 patient). Ten patients (41.7%) showed abnormal neuroradiologic findings and the most common abnormalities was subdural effusion (25.0%). Conclusion : Compared to the previous study performed between 2001 and 2005, S. pneumonia continued to be the leading cause of the pediatric bacterial meningitis in Daejeon and Chungcheong area. The frequency of pneumococcal meningitis was not decreased, despite of the introduction of conjugated pneumococcal vaccination. On the other hand, H. influenzae meningitis was notably decreased.
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