루브라참나무 8개 산지간 생장특성 및 수간 통직성 비교
Comparison of Growth Performance and Stem Straightness among 8 Provenances of Quercus rubra Linne
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초록
루브라참나무 우수산지 선발을 목적으로 1988년 원산지로부터 8개 산지의 종자를 도입하여 1989년 국립산림과학원 산림유전자원부 포지에서 육묘하였다. 1990년 1 - 0묘를 경기도 수원시 오목천동에 1.8 m´1.8 m 간격으로 반복당 32본씩 난괴법 3반복으로 식재하여 파종묘의 생장과 식재 후 수령별 생장을 매년 10월에 조사하였다. 종자발아율은 평균 73%(52~84%)이었으며, 식재당년 산지간 활착율은 평균 91%(84~95%), 14년생 현존율은 49.6%(16.0~ 66.7%)로 나타나 산지간 많은 차이를 보였다. 루브라참나무 수령별 수고생장은 산지간에 많은 변이를 보여 통계적인 유의성을 인정할 수 있었으며, 수령 14년생의 평균 수고생장은 9.1 m, 직경생장은 9.9 cm, 재적 0.046 m3으로 양호한 생장을 보였다. 가장 우수한 생장을 보인 산지는 미국 Missouri산으로 수고 10.6 m, 직경 12.0 cm, 재적 0.077 m3이었으며, 캐나다 Simcoe산은 수고 7.8 m, 직경 8.5 cm, 재적 0.028 m3으로 가장 저조한 생장을 보였다. 특히 루브라참나무의 수고생장은 수령 3년생부터 산지간 유전적인 특성이 발현되었다. 원산지의 위도, 경도 및 해발고와 수령별 생장간 상관분석결과, 원산지 경도와 1년생 및 2년생 수고와는 부의 상관 관계를 보였으며, 14년생의 흉고직경과 재적생장과는 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 그러나 위도와 해발고에서는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 수간 통직성은 루브라참나무가 우리나라의 향토수종인 상수리나무에 비해 통직한 우량한 특성을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때 Carleton산과 Missouri 산은 다른 산지들에 비해 수간이 통직하고 생장특성이 우량하여 우리나라의 기후 풍토에 잘 적응하는 우수한 산지로 인정된다.
Abstract
The eight provenances of northern red oak (Q. rubra L.) were introduced from Canada and USA to select suitable seed sources for Korean environment in 1988. The seeds were sown on the nursery of the Korea Forest Research Institute at Suwon in 1989. The growth of seedlings at nursery measured at October. In 1990, 1 -0 seedlings were transplanted in Omokchun-Dong, Suwon at a spacing of 1.8 m ´ 1.8 m as a completely randomized block design with three replications. After the planting, the growth performance was investigated at the years of 1~5 and 14 in every October. The germination rate of provenances at nursery was ranged from 52% to 84% (mean 73%). The survival rate of 1 and 14 year after the planting was ranged from 84% to 95% (mean 91%) and from 16.0% to 66.7% (mean 49.6%), respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for growth performance showed significant difference among provenances at all ages. Average growth of height, DBH, and volume at the age of 14 were 9.1 m, 9.9 cm, and 0.046 m3, respectively. Missouri, U.S.A was the best provenance which showed 10.6 m in height, 12.0 cm in DBH, and 0.077 m3 in volume. Simcoe, Canada showed the worst provenance of 7.8 m, 8.5 cm, and 0.028 m3, respectively. Genetic differences for height growth among provenances might be revealed after the age of 3. The longitude of seed origin was positvely correlated with volume growth and DBH at the age of 14 and negatively correlated with height at the age of 1 and 2. But latitude and altitude showed no significant difference with all characters. Stem straightness of Q. rubra was better than that of native species, Q. acutissima in Korea. In conclusion, Carleton and Missouri provenances could be considered as the best candidates for planting in the mid-west region of Korea because of the good growth performance and stem straightness.
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