원예 종자산업의 변천과 육종기술의 발전

Abstract

The horticultural seed industry in Korea is small but has developed through rapid changes. During the Japanese colonial era, only small seedlings such as radish, cabbage, and Japanese and Chinese crop varieties were introduced. After liberation, horticultural breeding began with the establishment of the first Horticultural Research Institute and Dr. Woo Jang-chun’s activities. Seed companies grew rapidly due to the implementation of new seedling laws and the spread of the first hybrid variety. Through the IMF, multinational companies merged together and merged with domestic seed companies, and domestic seed companies expanded overseas, while there were active startups by professional breeders. Various breeding techniques were used to develop new varieties of vegetables. F₁ hybrid breeding produced hybrids using artificial crosses, self-incompatibility, and male sterility. Haploid breeding techniques using anther culture, microspore culture, and embryo culture were used for chinese cabbage, red pepper, and onion crops. Mutant breeding methods using a diploid breeding technique and mutation using translocation was used for seedless watermelon. New breeding hybrids were cultured through interspesific hybridization, and embryo culture and ovule culture techniques were used to breed interspesific hybrids. Male sterile varieties were raised through protoplast fusion. Recently, molecular markers have been used in all crops for early introduction and purity testing of major traits. In addition, transgenic and genome editing technology has been used to cultivate disease-resistant and physiologically resistant varieties.