Examining Inequality in Housing Allocation and Housing Affordability: Evidence from Seoul in Korea
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This article proposes that an equality of opportunity to dwell in affordable housing is a key factor for housing welfare in our society. It looks at whether or not inequality of housing allocation is as serious as inequality of income and it examines housing affordability within each income group. Also, the paper proposes a methodological development which uses the logic of income equality measurement, the 10th decile over 1st decile ratio, inorder to estimate inequality of housing allocation. It applies the ratio system rearranged by 5th decile in housing price and income and uses natural logarithms on both sides for the purpose of explaining the main impact bracket of the inequality. The first finding is that the inequality of housing allocation is as serious as the inequality of household income in Seoul, but the main cause bracket of the inequality in income is a contrast to that of housing allocation. The inequality in income spans a wide range below 5th deciles and that in housing price is due to an excessive gap above 5th deciles. The second finding is that Seoul has a partial disequilibrium problem between supply and demand, what households can actually afford is mismatched with affordable housing stocks. The third finding is that affordability in both the highest and lowest income brackets is poor, because both are twice the PIR threshold (five times) of UN-HABITAT. The final finding is that there is a polarization in housing types. Higher-income households live in apartments, whereas lower-income households live in “Dagagu” and “Dasyedae”, which are small low-priced housing units. Furthermore, the quickening pace of reconstruction projects in Seoul has increased the demolition of relatively low-cost dwellings, thus depriving many of the opportunity to reside in affordable housing.
Abstract
This article proposes that an equality of opportunity to dwell in affordable housing is a key factor for housing welfare in our society. It looks at whether or not inequality of housing allocation is as serious as inequality of income and it examines housing affordability within each income group. Also, the paper proposes a methodological development which uses the logic of income equality measurement, the 10th decile over 1st decile ratio, inorder to estimate inequality of housing allocation. It applies the ratio system rearranged by 5th decile in housing price and income and uses natural logarithms on both sides for the purpose of explaining the main impact bracket of the inequality. The first finding is that the inequality of housing allocation is as serious as the inequality of household income in Seoul, but the main cause bracket of the inequality in income is a contrast to that of housing allocation. The inequality in income spans a wide range below 5th deciles and that in housing price is due to an excessive gap above 5th deciles. The second finding is that Seoul has a partial disequilibrium problem between supply and demand, what households can actually afford is mismatched with affordable housing stocks. The third finding is that affordability in both the highest and lowest income brackets is poor, because both are twice the PIR threshold (five times) of UN-HABITAT. The final finding is that there is a polarization in housing types. Higher-income households live in apartments, whereas lower-income households live in “Dagagu” and “Dasyedae”, which are small low-priced housing units. Furthermore, the quickening pace of reconstruction projects in Seoul has increased the demolition of relatively low-cost dwellings, thus depriving many of the opportunity to reside in affordable housing.
참고문헌 (18)
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