고려시대 천시론적 급가제도와 연(年) 계(季) 월(月) 주기성 구조

Abstract

The official history of Koryoe Koryoe‒sa(高麗史) records Kingdom of Koryoe had structural day‒off system which came every 4 quarters of a lunar month(弦望日). And there were 24 seasonal divisions of a solar year(節氣日) in ancient China that usually came twice a lunar month. The 24 days were another part of Koryoe’s day‒off system that completed regular vacation system. The 24 divisions(節氣) were considered very important because seasonal energy of the universe was thought to be condensed at these days. This was part of what ancient Chinese called Cosmological Time(天時). Koryeo’s vacations reveal that it shared the idea of Cosmologic Time of East Asian culture thus organizing it to be a part of the nation’s time managing system. Thang dynasty(唐) of China also had holiday‒vacations and this might have referred to Koryoe’s time managing. But it is also verified that Koryoe’s lunar week system consists of 7 days was different from that of China which had regular day‒offs every 10 days. Traditional holiday(俗節) vacations of Koryoe were yearly based. There were 9 holidays in Koryoe: New Year’s Day(元正), January 15th(上元), the 105th day after the winter solstice(寒食), March 3rd(上巳), May 5th(端午), August 15th(秋夕), September 9th(重九), the winter solstice(冬至), November 15th(八關). On New Year’s Day 7 vacation days were given. On January 15th and November 15th when great Buddhist night festival were held 3 day‒offs were allowed to each day. Overall, winter holidays tended to have more vacation days than summer. And every four seasons had 2 holidays in average except new years’ holidays in January. It could be possible to say 9 traditional holidays of Goryeo were seasonal. In result, Goryeo’s vacation system had structural periodicity of 1 year, 4 seasons, 12 months and 48 weeks, with the idea of Cosmological Time to flow orderly along with it.