청소년의 안구건조증 유병률 및 생활 행태와의 연관성 조사
Prevalence of Dry Eye Syndrome and Association with Life Behaviors in Adolescents
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목적: 청소년을 대상으로 안구표면질환지수(Ocular Surface Disease Index, OSDI) 설문조사를 시행하여 안구건조증 유병률을 파악하고, 안구건조증과 연관된 청소년 생활 행태를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 대전 지역 중학생과 고등학생을 대상으로 OSDI 설문조사 및 생활 행태 설문조사를 실시하였다. OSDI 점수가 13점 이상인 경우 안구건조증이 있는 것으로 정의하였고, 13-22점을 경도, 23-32점을 중등도, 33-100점을 중증의 안구건조증으로 분류하였다. 아울러 1주 동안 전자 기기(휴대폰, 컴퓨터, TV) 사용 시간, 1일 동안 학업 시간 및 수면 시간, 콘택트렌즈, 안경, 가습기 사용 여부를 확인하였다. 결과: 총 332명 중 147명(44.3%)이 안구건조증에 해당되었고, 중증은 54명(16.3%)이었다. 안구건조증 유병률은 여학생(p=0.004), 장시간 전자 기기 사용자(응답자 평균인 1주 15.3시간 기준, p=0.011), 콘택트렌즈 사용자(p=0.001)에서 더 높았다. 전자 기기 사용 시간별 안구건조증 유병률은 1주 14시간 이상인 경우 53.9%, 7시간 이상인 경우 40.2%, 7시간 미만인 경우 33.7%였다(p=0.002). 남학생은 전자 기기 사용 시간이 안구건조증의 위험 인자였고(p=0.027), 여학생은 콘택트렌즈 착용이 안구건조증의 위험 인자였다(p=0.009). 결론: 청소년층에서도 안구건조증 유병률은 높았고, 청소년 생활 행태 중 장시간 전자 기기 사용과 콘택트렌즈 착용이 안구건조증 위험을 높였다.
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of dry eye syndrome (DES) among adolescents based on the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on middle and high school students in Daejeon. DES was diagnosed by an OSDI score ≥ 13. According to the OSDI score, DES was classified as mild (13-22 points), moderate (23-32 points), or severe (33-100 points). Additionally, responses to the questions regarding adolescents’ life behaviors including the duration of electronic device use per week (cellphone, computer, TV), study hours per day, sleeping hours per day, contact lenses use, glasses use, and humidifier use were analyzed to determine the associations with DES. Results: Of 332 students, DES was diagnosed in 147 (44.3%), and 54 (16.3%) complained of severe DES. The prevalence of DES was higher in female students (p = 0.004), long-time electronic device users (divided on the basis of the mean value, 15.3 hours per week, p = 0.011), and contact lenses users (p = 0.001). The prevalence of DES was 53.9% in groups with ≥ 14 hours of electronic device usage time per week, 40.2% in groups with ≥ 7 hours, and 33.7% in groups with < 7 hours (p = 0.002). The duration of electronic device use per week was a significant risk factor of DES for male students, and contact lenses use was a significant risk factor of DES for female students (p = 0.009). Conclusions: The prevalence of DES was high among adolescents. Long-time electronic device usage and contact lenses wear were associated with DES and increased the risk of DES.
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