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콘택트렌즈 관련 세균각막염에서 배양 양성 여부에 따른 비교 분석: 25년 후향적 연구

Comparative Analysis of Contact Lens-related Bacterial Keratitis According to Culture Positivity: A 25-year Retrospective Study

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목적: 미생물학적으로 확인된 콘택트렌즈 관련 세균각막염(culture positive, CP)의 균주 분포와 임상 특징을 조사하고 배양음성군(culture negative, CN)과 비교하였다. 대상과 방법: 1998-2022년 사이 콘택트렌즈 관련 세균각막염으로 입원치료한 142안을 후향적 분석하였으며, CP 79안(100균주)과 CN 63안이 포함되었다. CP군의 균주 분포 및 CP군과 CN군 사이에 역학, 선행인자, 임상 양상, 치료 결과를 비교하였다. 불량한 치료결과는 최종 최대교정시력 0.5 이하, 치료 후 시력감소, 또는 수술적 치료 시행으로 정의하였다. 불량한 치료 결과에 이르는 위험인자는 two-proportional Z-test를 통해 분석하였다. 결과: CP군에서 그람음성균이 85%였으며, Pseudomonas (27%)와 Serratia spp. (26%)가 흔하였다. CP군과 CN군 사이에 평균 나이(27.0 vs. 33.8세, p=0.009)와 치료콘택트렌즈 사용(13.9 vs. 28.6%, p=0.031)이 차이를 보였다. 두 군 사이에 증상 기간, 이전 점안항생제 사용, 수면 시 렌즈 착용, 상피결손 크기, 전방축농 및 불량한 치료 결과는 차이가 없었다. 전체군에서 불량한 치료 결과의위험인자는 심부기질침윤(Z=2.88), 상피재생 기간 ≥7일(Z=2.30), 초진 시력 <0.1 (Z=2.20), 렌즈 교체주기 초과 사용(Z=2.10) 그리고상피결손 ≥5 mm2 (Z=2.05)였다. 결론: CP군과 CN군 사이에 임상 양상과 치료 결과의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 전체군에서 불량한 초진 소견과 렌즈 교체주기 초과사용이 불량한 치료 결과와 관계 있었다.

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated the microbiological profile and clinical characteristics of culture positive (CP) contact lens-related bacterial keratitis (CLBK) and compared them to culture negative (CN) cases. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 142 CLBK patients hospitalized between January 1998 and December 2022. The CP and CN groups consisted of 79 eyes (100 isolates) and 63 eyes, respectively. We investigated the microbiological profile in the CP group and compared the epidemiology, predisposing factors, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes between the CP and CN groups. Poor treatment outcomes were defined as a final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≤ 0.5, worsened BCVA after treatment, or the need for surgical intervention. We evaluated the risk factors for poor treatment outcomes in the entire cohort through two-proportional Z-test analysis. Results: In CP group, gram-negative bacteria accounted for 85%, and common isolates were Pseudomonas (27%) and Serratia (26%) species. There were significant differences in mean age (27.0 years vs. 33.8 years, p = 0.009) and a history of therapeutic bandage contact lens wear (13.9% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.031) between the CP and CN groups. However, there were no significant differences in symptom duration, prior use of topical antibiotics, sleeping with wearing CL, epithelial defect size, hypopyon, and poor treatment outcomes. Significant risk factors for poor treatment outcomes in the entire group included deep infiltration (Z = 2.88), epithelial healing time ≥ 7 days (Z = 2.30), initial BCVA < 0.1 (Z = 2.20), over date use of contact lens (Z = 2.10), and epithelial defect size ≥ 5 mm2 (Z = 2.05). Conclusions: There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes between the CP and CN groups. Poor initial clinical findings and over date use of contact lens were associated with poor treatment outcomes in both groups.

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