황기의 다당체가 큰포식세포로부터 일산화질소 생성유도
iNOS Induction by Polysaccharide Isolated from Astragalus membranaceus
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황기 (Astragalus membranaceus)는 국내에서 오래 전부터 광범위하게 사용되는 식물 중의 하나로서 항암활성과 항암치료과정에서 발생하는 부작용을 완화시키는 작용이 보고되었다. 지금까지의 연구 결과 황기의 여러성분들, 특히 다당체가 면역증강활성을 나타냄이 알려져 있으나 그 작용기전에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 실험에서는 황기에서 추출한 다당체가 큰포식세포를 활성화시키는 기전을 밝혀내기 위하여 iNOS를 이용한 큰포식세포 면역형광염색을, iNOS mRNA의 변화를 보기 위한 RT-PCR을 실시하였다. 황기에서 추출한 다당체를 마우스 큰포식세포주인 RAW 264.7 세포에 24시간 처리한 결과, 용량의존적으로 NO 생성을 증가시켰다. iNOS에 면역형광염색을 실시한 결과, 세포질에서 소량 발현되던 iNOS 단백질이 APS를 처리한 후에는 다량 발현됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 RT-PCR을 실시한 결과 APS를 처리한 RAW264.7세포에서 iNOS mRNA의 생성이 용량의존적으로 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 황기에서 분리한 다당체의 작용은 iNOS 유전자의 발현을 통하여 일산화질소의 생성을 증가시키며, 이러한 큰포식세포의 활성화가 항암활성과 관련이 있는 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is used as a natural herbal medicine in East Asia for preventing carcinogenesis and reducing side effects induced by chemotherapy in cancer patients. Although the mechanism of anti-tumor activity is not known, the polysaccharides may potentiate the host defense mechanism through the activation of immune system. The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanism by which APS activates macrophages. To analyze macrophage activation and iNOS gene expression, we performed nitrite generation assay, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR. In the present study we show that a polysaccharide isolated from the Astragalus membranaceus (Astragalus Polysaccharide, APS) significantly induces nitric oxide (NO). Immunohistochemical staining of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) showed that the increase of NO was due to the induction of iNOS production. To further study the mechanism responsible for the induction of iNOS, we investigated the effect of APS on the iNOS mRNA expression. RT-PCR analysis showed that APS produced significant induction of iNOS gene expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that a polysaccharide isolated from Astragalus membranaceus stimulates macrophages to generate NO through the activation of iNOS gene expression.
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