몽골 출토 옛사람 뼈와 치아에서 유전자 분석을 이용한 혈연관계조사
A Kinship Analysis of Ancient Human Bones and Teeth from Mongolia
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몽골의 2000년 전의 한 고분군에서 발굴된 세 예의 옛사람뼈와 치아를 대상으로 유전자 분석을 이용해 혈연관계를 조사하였다. 각각의 옛사람에서 채취한 뼈와 치아의 처리는 오염방지시설인 청정실험실에서 실행하여 현대인 DNA에 의한 오염을 방지하였다. 핵산추출의 방법으로 ion-exchange column kit (Qiagen G-tip 20G, USA)를 이용하였다. 분리 정제한 옛사람뼈와 치아의 핵산에서 부계 반수체군(haplogroup), 모계 반수체군, 그리고 보통염색체 다형성표지자인 short tandem repeat (STR)을 대상으로 중합효소반응(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)을 하였다. 두 예에서 모계는 모두 D형이었으며, D형은 특히 현대 동북아시아지역에 흔한 유형 중의 하나였다. 이중 한 사람은 남성으로 부계는 C형으로 역시 현대 동북아시아 지역에 흔한 유형 중의 하나였다. 나머지 한 사람은 다른 두 사람의 것과는 달리 현대 유럽에서 가장 흔한 R형의 부계, 유럽과 동부지중해연안에 나타나는 U형의 모계이었다. 보통염색체 STR의 반복된 결과들이 동일한 값을 보여줘 DNA-VIEW 프로그램 (http://www.dna-view.com)을 이용해 STR 분석하였다. 두 예에서 모계의 반수체군은 같았으나, 세 예의 옛사람들 사이에 가까운 혈연관계는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구자들은 극히 일부의 연구자에서만 가능했던 옛사람뼈와 치아 DNA에서 보통염색체 STR의 연구의 가능한 방법을 이 연구를 통해 밝히고, 이 분야의 많은 연구자들이 보다 나은 연구결과를 도출해 낼 수 있기를 기대한다.
Abstract
The kinship was analyzed genetically on the three 2000 year old ancient human bones and teeth excavated in Mongolia. The samples were processed in a clean room to prevent the contamination from modern human DNA. The DNA extraction and purification was done with ion-exchange column kit (Qiagen G-tip 20G, USA). The PCR was done with purified DNAs from ancient human bones for paternal Y-SNP haplogroup, maternal mtDNA haplogroup, and autosomal short tandem repeats (STR). Two samples belonged to the maternal D major haplogroup, which is one of the most frequent types in the present North East Asia. One of them, showing male genotype, belonged to the paternal C major haplogroup, which is also one of the most frequent types in the present North East Asia. The remaining one belonged to the paternal R major haplogroup, frequent in the present Europe, and the maternal U haplogroup, frequent in the present Europe and East Mediterranean. The repeated results were consistent in the autosomal STR PCR. The STR data were analyzed with DNA-VIEW program (http://www.dna-view.com), which showed no close kinship among the three ancient humans. Our method was successful in the analyzing kinship among ancient human bones, which has been possible in few restricted laboratories in the World. Authors anticipate that many researchers could do their research in a better way to get the genetic information from ancient human bones.
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