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고열에 의한 생쥐 배아의 긴뼈 발생 지연

Delayed Long Bone Formation in Hyperthermia-exposed Mouse Embryos

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임신 중 산모가 고열에 노출되면 태아의 선천성 기형 발병률이 높아진다는 다양한 연구 결과가 발표되었다. 태아의 성장 지연, 선천성 기형, 유산 등을 일으키는 산모 고열은 선천성 기형유발물질 중의 하나로 알려져 있으나 그 기전에 대한 규명은 아직 미비한 실정이다. 산모의 고열은 중배엽 기원의 앞다리 근육에 작용하는 여러 단백질의 발현을 지연시켜 근육발생에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 중배엽 기원의 위팔뼈의 초기 발생과정에서 발현되는 단백질에 산모 고열이 어떠한 영향을 주는 지 알아보고자 하였다. 8주령 ICR계 암수 생쥐를 합사하고 다음 날 아침 질마개가 확인되면 발생 제0일로 정하고 임신이 확인된 날로부터 제8일에 6분간 모체열충격을 시행하였다. 발생 제11일, 13일, 15일 및 17일에 경추탈골법으로 산모를 희생하고 자궁을 절개하여 배아를 적출하였다. 배아에서 뇌탈출증이나 눈없음증이 관찰되면 실험군으로 정하였다. 배아의 외형을 관찰한 후 긴뼈의 일종인 위팔뼈를 적출하여 western blot과 면역조직화학염색법을 이용하여FGF8, SOX9 및 collagen II의 발현을 발생 시기에 따라 추적하였고, alizarin red S 및 alcian blue 이중염색법으로발생 제17일 위팔뼈를 관찰하였다. Western blot 결과 FGF8은 발생이 진행되어도 대조군에 비하여 발현이 지속되고 있었으며, SOX9은 발생 제13일까지 계속 증가하였고, collagen II는 대조군에 비하여 발현이 증가되어 있었다. Alizarin red S 및 alcian blue 이중염색결과 실험군 위팔뼈는 대조군에 비하여 뼈발생이 지연되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 산모 고열은 팔다리의 초기 발생 및 긴뼈발생 동안 전반적으로 발현되는 FGF8과 중간엽세포의 농축 및 연골세포의 증식에 관여하는 SOX9, 연골바탕질에서 발현되어 중간엽세포가 연골모세포로분화할 수 있도록 중간엽세포의 농축을 유도하는 collagen II의 발현을 지속시켜 연골속뼈발생 과정을 지연시킴을 알 수 있었다.

Abstract

Maternal hyperthermia, which is currently confirmed as one of major causative factors inducing growth retardation, congenital anomalies and abortion, is known to influence normal development of CNS and various organ system. In addition, maternal hyperthermia could induce severe developmental defects including development of the limb. However, it is not clearly identified how maternal hyperthermia affects the expression of chondrogenesis-related proteins in developing limb of mouse. Thus, this study is aimed to investigate the effects of the maternal hyperthermia on the expression of a various proteins in developing upper limb. To elucidate it, ICR mice were used in this study, and the animals were divided into control and heat shock groups. The heat shock treatment was given to embryonic day (ED) 8. The animals were sacrificed on ED 11, 13,15 and 17, and the humerus were removed. Chondrogenesis-related factors such as FGF8, SOX9 and collagen II were detected on ED 11, 13 and 15 using western blot and immunohistochemistry. Developing humerus on ED 17 was stained with alizarin red S and alcian blue. The expression of FGF8 of heat shock groups was continued even though the development was succeeded. SOX9 expression in heat shock groups was significantly elevated on ED 13 compared to the control embryos. In addition, collagen II expression of heat groups was significantly higher than that of the control group on ED 13and 15. The results of this study suggest that hyperthermia causes delayed endochondral ossification in long bone through continuous expression of FGF8, SOX9 and collagen II proteins even though the endochondral ossification is succeeded.

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