지속적인 알코올 섭취가 흰쥐 시상하부의 뇌실곁핵 및 시각위핵에 분포하는vasopressin과 oxytocin 함유신경세포에 미치는 영향
Effect of Chronic Alcohol Intake on Vasopressin and Oxytocin-containing Neurons in the Paraventricular and Supraoptic Nucleus of the Rat Hypothalamus
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Vasopressin (VP)과 oxytocin (OXT)은 시상하부에서 분비되는 펩티드의 일종으로서, VP는 주로 혈압을 상승시키고 항이뇨 호르몬 작용을 가지며 OXT는 주로 수유 중 젖분비, 분만 후 자궁 수축, 심장혈관과 체액항상 성(body fluid homeostasis) 조절에 관여한다. 알코올은 시상하부에서 신경세포의 단백질 합성과 신경세포활성을 조 절하는 체계에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 뿐 아니라, 발달을 지연시키고 구조와 기능을 변화시킨다. 따라서 본 연구는 정상적인 흰쥐에 오랜 기간 동안 알코올을 섭취시킨 후 시상하부의 뇌실곁핵(PVN)과 시각위핵(SON)에서 VP와 OXT-함유신경세포의 분포와 변화양상을 관찰하였다. 약 8주령(220~250 mg)의 Sprague-Dawley rat을 실험군과 정상군으로 나누어 각각 7마리씩 분류한 다음 실험 군은 시중에서 판매되는 30% 알코올을 24주간 매일 물 대신 섭취하게 하였으며, 정상군은 물과 먹이를 자유롭게 섭취하게 하였다. 본 연구에서 PVN에서 정상군과 알코올군의 차이점은 지속적인 알코올섭취에 의해 VP와 OXT-함유신경세포의 수가 감소하였고 OXT의 발현보다는 VP의 발현이 큰세포부분에서 두드러지게 나타났으며 특히, VP-함유신경세 포가 OXT-함유신경세포에서보다 세포감소율이 높았다. SON에서는 세포감소율이 큰 차이는 나타나지 않았지만 유사한 결과를 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 알코올에 의해 VP-함유신경세포의 신경세포체 부피가 증가하였으며 팽대 된 핵도 동시에 관찰되었다. 그러나 OXT-함유신경세포에서는 VP-함유신경세포와 같이 신경세포체 크기의 증가는 관찰할 수 없었다. 따라서 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 지속적인 알코올섭취로 인해 VP와 OXT-함유신경세포들의 수가 감소되었으 며, 살아있는 신경세포의 세포체 부피가 증가한 것으로 보아 이 세포들의 대사활성이 활발해져 알코올로 인해 손 실된 신경세포에 보상작용이 어느 정도 이루어질 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Chronic alcohol intake can profoundly modify the neuronal activity and the morphologic structure of hypothalamic nucleus in the rat brain. The aim of the present study is to observe the effects of chronic alcohol intake on expression of vasopressin and oxytocin in the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus in the rat hypothalamus. Experimental rats (n=14) were divided into control group and chronic alcohol group. Chronic alcohol group was induced via daily liquid alcohol intake for 6 months beginning at 8 weeks of age. As a result, the number of vasopressin and oxytocin-containing neurons was decreased in the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus in chronic alcohol group. Especially, the number of vasopressin-containing neurons of chronic alcohol group was significantly decreased in the paraventricular nucleus. Chronic alcohol intake produced significant changes in the volume of the cell bodies and their nucleus in neurons of the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus. Particularly, the size of nucleus of vasopressin-containing neurons in chronic alcohol group was larger than in control group. These results show that chronic alcohol intake may affect the synthesis of vasopressin and oxytocin in the neurons of hypothalamic nuclei. Whereas, chronic alcohol intake induces an enlargement of the cell size of surviving neuron to compensate.
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