Oral Health and the Risk of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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The importance of oral health care in respiratory infections has been highlighted in the past. Several recent studies have revealed the association between COVID-19 and oral health. This paper aims to comprehensively analyse the risk of COVID-19 with respect to oral health. The search was performed on 12 July 2021 using Embase and Medline. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies were included in this study. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively assess the risk of bias. The data were used for the odds ratio calculation, followed by the unadjusted value and 95% confidence interval. Five studies (one cohort, one case-control, and three cross-sectional studies) considered in this review included 16,721 participants. In the group with poor oral health, the incidence was 1.97 (0.93~4.16), the severity was 14.01 (4.89~40.20), the hospitalization rate was 2.01 (1.2~3.07), and the mortality was 1.41 (0.64~3.11) times higher than in the group with good oral health. Poor oral health increases the risk of COVID-19. To reduce the risk of COVID-19, comprehensive oral management guidelines are urgently required. Policymakers should establish appropriate countermeasures according to the national situation.
Abstract
The importance of oral health care in respiratory infections has been highlighted in the past. Several recent studies have revealed the association between COVID-19 and oral health. This paper aims to comprehensively analyse the risk of COVID-19 with respect to oral health. The search was performed on 12 July 2021 using Embase and Medline. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies were included in this study. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively assess the risk of bias. The data were used for the odds ratio calculation, followed by the unadjusted value and 95% confidence interval. Five studies (one cohort, one case-control, and three cross-sectional studies) considered in this review included 16,721 participants. In the group with poor oral health, the incidence was 1.97 (0.93~4.16), the severity was 14.01 (4.89~40.20), the hospitalization rate was 2.01 (1.2~3.07), and the mortality was 1.41 (0.64~3.11) times higher than in the group with good oral health. Poor oral health increases the risk of COVID-19. To reduce the risk of COVID-19, comprehensive oral management guidelines are urgently required. Policymakers should establish appropriate countermeasures according to the national situation.
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