LIDAR를 이용한 대규모 암반 절리면의 거칠기 측정
Measurement of Joint Roughness in Large-Scale Rock Fracture Using LIDAR
2
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
대규모 암반 절리면의 거칠기를 구하는 여러 가지 방법이 있으나, 길이 10 ㎝의 절리를 Barton 등이 제안한 표준절리면곡선과 비교하여 절리면 거칠기계수 JRC (joint roughness coefficient)를 결정하고 대규모 절리의 길이에 따라 보정하는 것이 가장 일반적인데, 적합한 표준 절리면곡선을 선택할 때 측정자에 따라 달라자는 경우가 많다. 따라서 대규모 암반 절리면의 거칠기 JRC는 길이에 따른 보정 없이 직접 측정하는 것이 정확할 것이나 측정방법에 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 대규모 암반절리를 LIDAR (light detection and ranging)로 스캔하고 절리의 길이 L과 절리면 상의 돌출부(asperity) 높이의 진폭 a를 이용하여 대규모 암반 절리의 거칠기계수 JRC를 구하였다. 그 결과 대규모의 암반 절리면에서도 절리의 길이 증가에 따라 거칠기계수 JRC가 감소하는 비 정상상태(non-stationary)의 치수효과와 거칠기 측정방향에 따라 절리면 거칠기계수 JRC가 다른 것을 확인하였다.
Abstract
This is a study on large-scale rock joint roughness measurements using LIDAR (light detection and ranging) and the Split-FX point cloud processing software. The large-scale rock Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) is calculated using the maximum amplitude of joint asperities over the profile length on large-scale joint surfaces of rock. As the profile length increases, JRC decreases due to scale-effects of rock specimens and is non-stationary. Also JRC shows anisotropy depending on the profile direction. The profile direction is measured relative to either dip or strike of the large-scale joint.
참고문헌 (42)
- Goodman, R.E., "Deformability of Rocks, Introduction to Rock Mechanics", pp.562~ (1989), Wiley
- Brady, B.H.C., "Rock Mechanics for Underground Mining", pp.571~ (1994), Chapman & Hall
- Nelson, R.A., "Geological Analysis of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs", pp.336~ (1985), Buttenworth-Heinemann Publishers
- Bieniawski, Z.T., "Engineering Rock Mass Classification", pp.251~ (1989), Wiley
- Priest, S.D., "Discontinuity Analysis for Rock Engineering", pp.473~ (1993), Chapman & Hall
- N. Barton, "Review of a new shear strength criterion for rock joints", Eng Geol, 7, pp.287~332 (1973)
- ISRM, "Suggested methods for the quantitative description of discontinuities in rock masses", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 15, pp.319~368 (1978)
- N.H. Maerz, "Joint roughness measurement using shadow profilometry", Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr, 27, pp.329~343 (1990)
- Hsiung, S. M., "Assessment of conventional methodologies for joint roughness coefficient determination", J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 30(7), pp.825~829 (1993)
- P.H.S.W. Kulatilake, "New peak shear strength criteria for anisotropic rock joints", Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr, 32, pp.673~697 (1995)
- A. J. Beer, "Estimation of the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) by visual comparison", Mech Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 35(1), pp.5~74 (2002)
- T.H. Wu, "1978", Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr, 15, pp.259~262 (1978)
- R. Tse, "Estimating joint roughness coefficients", Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr, 16, pp.303~307 (1979)
- J. Krahn, "The ultimate frictional resistance of rock discontinuities", Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr, 16, pp.127~133 (1979)
- P.M. Dight, "Prediction of shear behavior of joints using profiles", Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr, 18, pp.369~386 (1981)
- M.J. Reeves, "Rock surface roughness and frictional strength", Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr, 27, pp.429~442 (1990)
- J.R. Carr, "Relationship between the fractal dimension and joint roughness coefficient", Bull. Association of Engineering Geologists, 26(2), pp.253~263 (1989)
- Y. H. Lee, "The fractal dimension as a measure of the roughness of rock discontinuity profiles", Int. J. Rock Mech., Min. Sci., & Geomech. Abstr., 27, pp.453~464 (1990)
- N. Wakabayashi, "Experimental study on the relation between fractal dimension and shear strength", Conf. Fractured and Jointed Rock Masses, pp.119~124 (1992)
- Mandelbrot BB, "The fractal of nature" (1983), W.H. Freeman
- N.E. Odling, "Natural fracture profiles, fractal dimension and joint roughness coefficient", Rock Mech Rock Eng, 27, pp.135~153 (1994)
- P.H.S.W. Kulatilake, "Requirement for accurate quantification on self-affine roughness using the variogram method", Int. J. Solids Structures, 35, pp.4167~4189 (1998)
- T. Shirono, "Accuracy of the spectral method in estimating fractal", spectral parameters for self-affine roughness profiles, 1997, pp.34(5), 789~804
- William L. Power, "Euclidean and fractal models for the description of rock surface roughness", Journal of Geophysical research, 96(B1), pp.415~424 (1991)
- Stephen R. Brown, "Broad bandwidth study of the topography of natural rock surfaces", Journal of Geophysical research, 90(B14), pp.12575~12582 (1985)
- P.H. S.W. Kul, "Requirements for accurate quantification of self-affine roughness using the roughness-length method", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 36, pp.5~18 (1999)
- P.H. S.W, "Requirements for accurate quantification of self-affine roughness using the line scaling method", Rock Mech. Rock Engng., 30(4), pp.181~206 (1997)
- S. Bandis, "Experimental studies of scales effects on the shear behaviour of rock joints", Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr, 18, pp.1~21 (1981)
- Nick Barton, "Shear strength investigations for surface mining", The third International Conference on Stability in Surface Mining, pp.171~192 (1981), AIME
- N. Barton, "Review of predictive capabilities of JRC-JCS model in engineering practice", Proc. Int. Conf. Rock joints, pp.603~610 (1990)
- Q. Feng, "A new method for in-situ non-contact roughness measurement of large rock fracture surfaces", Rock Mech. Rock Engng., 36(1), pp.3~25 (2003)
- Characterization of discontinuities using 3-D laser scanner, "Park, E.S.", ARMA, ~, pp.ARMA 08-187 (2008)
- Triangulation-based 3D laser imaging for underground rock mass characterization: Impact of operational parameters, "Mah, J.", ARMA, ~, pp.ARMA 08-249 (2008)
- Jamie Pringle, "Virtual geological outcrops-fieldwork and analysis made less exhaustive?", Geology Today, 20(2), pp.67~72 (2004)
- John Kemeny, "Estimating three- dimensional rock discontinuity orientation from digital images of fracture traces", Computers & Geoscience, 29, pp.65~77 (2003)
- N.Fardin, "Application of a new in situ 3D laser scanner to study the scale effect on the rock joint surface roughness", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min Sci., 41, pp.329~335 (2004)
- Matt Lato, "Optimization of LiDar Scanning and processing for automated structural evaluation of discontinuities in rockmasses", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. (2008)
- Improvement of fracture mapping efficiency by means of 3D- laser scanning, "Bäcktröm, A.", ARMA, ~, pp.ARMA 08-106 (2008)
- Q.Feng, "Measuring fracture orientation at exposed rock faces by using a non-reflector total station", Engineering geology, 59, pp.133~146 (2001)
- Vidar Kveldsvik, "Alternative approacs for analysis of a 100,000 m³ rock slide based on Barton-Bandis shear strength criterion", Landslides, 5, pp.161~176 (2008)
- Pfeifer, N., "Influences of Vegetation on Laser Altimetry – Analysis and Correction Approaches. The International archives of Photogrammetry", Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 37, pp.283~287 (2004)
