스웨덴 포쉬마크 중저준위 방사성 폐기물 지하 처분장 확장 계획 소개
An Introduction to the Expansion Plan of the Underground Repository of Low- and Intermediate-level Radioactive Waste In Forsmark, Sweden
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초록
스웨덴 포쉬마크 (Forsmark)지역에서는 1988년부터 세계 최초의 동굴식 중저준위 방사성 폐기물 처분장(SFR1)이 운영되고 있다. 4개의 터널 및 1개의 사일로에 용량 63,000 m 3의 처분공간이 확보되어 연간 1,000 m 3의폐기물을 처분할 수 있었지만, 스웨덴 내 12기 중 10기의 원자로의 수명이 연장되고, 나머지 2기의 원자로가폐쇄되어 추가 폐기물 처분에 대한 요구가 발생하게 되었다. 따라서 6기의 수평터널을 추가로 건설하여 폐기물과9개의 반응로 용기 처분을 위한 108,000 m 3의 처분 공간을 확보할 계획으로 스웨덴 방사성폐기물 관리주식회사(SKB)는 SFR3으로의 확장을 위한 허가 신청서를 2014년 정부에 제출하였다. 본 연구에서는 SFR3의 추가 확장계획에 대해 소개하고, SFR3의 계획 시에 고려된 지질학적, 암반공학 및 암반수리학적인 요소들을 소개하였다.
Abstract
The world’s first underground repository for low- and intermediate- level radioactive waste (SFR1) has been in operation since 1988. SFR1 can accommodate 1,000 m 3 of radioactive waste per year with 4 chambers and 1 silo with a total capacity of 63,000 m 3 of radioactive waste. With extended operation time of 10 of the 12 nuclear power reactors and dismantling of the other 2 nuclear reactors, more nuclear waste need to be disposed in the future. Therefore, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) submitted a license application for a repository extension (SFR3) that consists of 6 additional rock chambers with a capacity of 108,000 m 3 of radioactive waste and for accommodating 9 boiling water reactor tanks. In this study, plans for the extension SFR3 are presented with the geological, geomechanical and hydrogeological issues to be considered.
참고문헌 (14)
- Construction experiences from underground works at Forsmark, "Carlsson, A", Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co, ~, pp.SKB R-07-10 (2007)
- Rock Mechanics Forsmark. Site descriptive modelling Forsmark stage 2.2, "Glamheden, R.", Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co, ~, pp.SKB R-07-31 (2007)
- OPG’s deep geologic repository for low & intermediate level waste, "Itasca Consulting Group", Long-term geomechanical stability analysis, ~, pp.NWMO DGR-TR-2011-17 (2011)
- Long term stability of rock caverns BMA and BLA of SFR, Forsmark, "Mas Ivars, D", Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co, ~, pp.SKB R-13-53 (2014)
- 민기복, "Effect of Deformation Zones on the State of In Situ Stress at a Candidate Site of Geological Repository of Nuclear Waste in Sweden", 터널과 지하공간, 18(2), pp.134~148 (2008), 한국암반공학회
- "Ministry of Trade Industry and Energy", ~ (2016)
- Site description of the SFR area at Forsmark at completion of the site investigation phase, "SKB", Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co, ~, pp.SKB TR-11-04 (2013)
- Safety Analysis for SFR, Long-term safety, Main report for the safety assessment SR-PSU, "SKB", Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co, ~, pp.TR-14-01 (2014)
- Initial state report for the safety assessment SR-PSU, "SKB", Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co, ~, pp.TR-14-02 (2014)
- Site description of the SFR area at Forsmark at completion of the site investigation phase SDM-PSU Forsmark, "SKB", Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co, ~, pp.TR-14-04 (2014)
- SSMs external experts’ reviews of SKBs safety assessment SR-PSU – engineered barriers, engineering geology and chemical inventory. initial review phase, "SSM", Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, ~ (2016)