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고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분장 모델링을 위한 불연속체 기반 수리-역학 복합거동 해석기법 현황 분석

Review on Discontinuum-based Coupled Hydro-Mechanical Analyses for Modelling a Deep Geological Repository for High-Level Radioactive Waste

이창수|김광일|김진섭|민기복|권새하
한국암반공학회 (Korean Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering)|2021.10|터널과 지하공간 (TUNNEL AND UNDERGROUND SPACE)|제31권 제5호|pp. 309-332

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키워드

수치해석Numerical simulation개별요소법Discrete element method수리-역학 복합거동균열암반Fractured rock불연속체Discontinuum modelHydro-mechanical processes
주제분류자원공학

초록

고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분장 내 천연방벽은 방사성핵종의 누출을 방지 및 지연할 수 있는 수리학적 특성을 갖춰야 한다. 결정질 암반의 경우 불연속면에 의해 수리학적 성능이 결정되기 때문에, 불연속면의 수리-역학적 복합거동에 대한 자세한 모사가 필요하다. 불연속체 기반 해석기법은 불연속면의 생성, 전파, 변형, 미끄러짐과 같은 복잡한 거동을 구현할 수 있어 결정질 암반 모사에 적합하다. 본 연구에서는 불연속면에서의 수리-역학 복합거동에 초점을 맞추어, UDEC, 3DEC, PFC, DDA, FRACOD, TOUGH-UDEC과 같은 상용화된 불연속체 기반 수리-역학 복합거동 해석기법을 조사하였다. 블록 기반 불연속체 해석기법의 경우 주로 불연속면 상에서 진행되는 유체 유동을 바탕으로 수리-역학 복합거동을 해석하였고, 그중 일부는 다른 수리학적 해석기법과의 결합을 통하여 모델 전체에 대한 수리-역학적 복 합거동을 제공하였다. 입자 기반 불연속체 해석기법의 경우에는 입자 사이로 흐르는 유체를 반영하여 불 연속체 모델 전체에 해당하는 수리-역학적 복합거동 모사가 가능하다. 현재까지 상용화된 불연속체 기 반 복합거동 해석기법은 2차원 해석만 제공하거나, 수리학적 해석 성능이 떨어지고, 불연속면에서의 유 체 유동만 고려되거나, 자세한 수리학적 해석을 지원하지 않는 등의 한계점이 있어 고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분시스템의 정확한 수리-역학 모델링에는 적합하지 않을 수 있다. 본 기술보고에서 검토한 다양 한 해석기법들의 장단점을 참고하여 향후 처분시스템을 정확하고 자세하게 모사할 수 있는 불연속체 기 반 수리-역학 복합거동 해석기법의 개발이 필요하다.

Abstract

Natural barrier systems surrounding the geological repository for the high-level radioactive waste should guarantee the hydraulic performance for preventing or delaying the leakage of radionuclide. In the case of the behavior of a crystalline rock, the hydraulic performance tends to be decided by the existence of discontinuities, so the coupled hydro-mechanical(HM) processes on the discontinuities should be characterized. The discontinuum modelling can describe the complicated behavior of discontinuities including creation, propagation, deformation and slip, so it is appropriate to model the behavior of a crystalline rock. This paper investigated the coupled HM processes in discontinuum modelling such as UDEC, 3DEC, PFC, DDA, FRACOD and TOUGH-UDEC. Block-based discontinuum methods tend to describe the HM processes based on the fluid flow through the discontinuities, and some methods are combined with another numerical tool specialized in hydraulic analysis. Particle- based discontinuum modelling describes the overall HM processes based on the fluid flow among the particles. The discontinuum methods that are currently available have limitations: exclusive simulations for two-dimension, low hydraulic simulation efficiency, fracture-dominated fluid flow and simplified hydraulic analysis, so it could be improper to the modelling the geological repository. Based on the concepts of various discontinuum modelling compiled in this paper, the advanced numerical tools for describing the accurate coupled HM processes of the deep geological repository should be developed.

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