『左傳』에서의 廟⋅宮 언급을 통한 周代의 그 쓰임 사례 一考察 - 周代의 廟數制 실재 여부에 대한 궁구 과정에서【2/2】-

Abstract

In feudal lords' zōng-miào(宗廟, miào(廟)), there were the cases of performing guànlǐ(冠禮 : a coming-of-age ceremony held at the age of 20), qīnyíng-lǐ(親迎禮 : a ritual that a groom went to the bride's house and welcome her by himself), bìn-yí(殯儀 : funeral), diào-yí(弔儀 : a ritual to express condolences of the deceased) and etc. There is an explanation that rituals, such as zhēng(烝), cháng(嘗) and dì(禘), were performed, yet all of them didn't need a shén-zhǔ(神主 : a spirit tablet of the deceased). Not only jūnlǐ(軍禮), such as zhì-bīng(治兵) and chū bīng(出兵) rituals, but also official notice of diplomatic outcome were held in a feudal lord's miào(廟), which was a guó(國 : a feudal lord's territory)'s royal court. Cháo(朝) ritual was also held in a feudal lord's miào(廟), but it was also performed as a daily royal court ritual in the miào(廟) of dàfū(大夫 : noblemen ruling a small patch of land granted by a feudal lord in guó(國), the territory ruled by the lord) who governed jiā(家 : a small territory attached to a feudal lord's territory), a unit of territory smaller than guó(國). While dàfū(大夫) had the same family name with a feudal lord and was given the role of guarding the royal court of the feudal state, the nickname of shǒu-chén(守臣 : a vassal guarding the feudal state) was given. Even for the same gōng(宮 : house), those in the classes of or higher than dàfū(大夫) who should perform different rituals were called as miào(廟), and those of common people including government officials of lower classes were just called as shì(室). A ruler's enthronement ceremony was not necessarily held at zōng-miào(宗廟), the zhèngdiàn(正殿 : a ruler’s office building in his gōng(宮)) of the last late ruler. In the culture of Zhou(周), a ruler and his grown-up successor sometimes had different houses. When one was confirmed as a new ruler after the death of the late ruler, he ascended the throne at the gōng(宮) where he lived. Whether it was the gōng(宮) he had lived with the late ruler or not, his house became zōng-miào(宗廟) of those times and 'the royal court of the ‘guó(國)’ since then. Just the fact that there were gōngs(宮) of late rulers of unspecified number of generations as in 『Chūnqiū(春秋)』 and 『Zuŏzhuàn(左傳)』 cannot be the proof that ‘tiānzǐ-7-miào(天子七廟 : the emperor owns 7 miàos(廟)) and zhūhóu-5-miào(諸侯五廟 : a feudal lord owns 5 miàos(廟))’ were the actual zōng-miào(宗廟) system of Zhou(周) dynasty.