본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

여자대학생이 지각한 아동기 부․모의 돌봄과 과보호가 우울증상에 미치는 영향: 자기존중감과 역기능적 신념의 매개 효과

Effects of Perceived Childhood Parental Care and Overprotection on Depression of Female College Students: Mediating Roles of Self-Esteem and Dysfunctinal Beliefs

1

조회

0

다운로드

32

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 아동기에 경험한 부모의 정서적 돌봄과 과보호적 통제가 자기존중감과 역기능적인 신념을 통해 우울증에 미치는 심리적 경로를 애착이론에 근거하여 조사하였다. 친부모가 초혼으로 혼인 관계를 지속 중인 여대생 381명을 대상으로 아동기의 부모애착, 자존감, 역기능적 태도, 우울증상을 측정하는 4개의 척도들을 사용하여 수집된 자료를 구조방정식을 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 부 및 모의 정서적 돌봄은 각각 자기존중감과 역기능적 신념을 통해 우울증을 예측하는 반면, 부 및 모의 과보호적 통제는 역기능적 신념을 통해 자존감과 우울증을 각각 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 아동기에 부모로부터 방임과 거절을 많이 경험한 여자대학생일수록 자신의 존재 가치를 낮게 지각하고 타인의 인정을 받기위해서는 완벽해야 한다는 역기능적 신념을 많이 지님을 나타내는데, 우울증은 이러한 낮은 자존감과 역기능 신념과 관계 깊다는 것이다. 또한, 아동기에 부모로부터 독립심과 자율성을 제한하는 과보호적 통제를 많이 경험할수록 역기능적 완벽주의 신념을 더 갖게 되는데 낮은 자존감과 우울증은 이러한 역기능적 신념과 관련됨을 나타낸다. 본 연구결과의 상담적, 교육적 의의가 연구의 제한점 및 추후 연구 과제들과 함께 제시되었다.

Abstract

This study aimed to examine psychological pathways in which parental care and overprotection in childhood predict adulthood depression through self-esteem and dysfunctional beliefs. A total of 381 female college students, whose biological parents are in marriage, participated in this study and responded to four scales to measure parental bonding, self-esteem, dysfunctional attitudes, and depression. Results indicated that parental lack of care predicted depression through low self-esteem and dysfunctional beliefs, while parental overprotection predicted low self-esteem and depression through dysfunctional beliefs. These findings suggest that female students who experienced emotional neglect in childhood show more low self-esteem and maladaptive perfectionism, which in turn lead to depression. Besides, those who experienced overprotective control that limits a sense of independence and autonomy show more dysfunctional beliefs, which in turn predicts low self-esteem and depression. Clinical and educational implications of the findings of this study are discussed with limitations and future directions.

참고문헌 (79)

  1. 김창숙, "지각된 부모양육태도와 우울의 관계 : 내면화된 수치심과 자기불일치의 매개효과", 석사, 상담심리전공, pp.2012
  2. 남은영, "초등학교 3학년이 지각한 보모양육태도와 우울과의 관계", 한국심리치료학회지, 1(1), pp.75~89 (2009)
  3. 서영숙, "부모의 양육태도, 부적응적 완벽주의 및 심리적 부적응과의 관계에서 수치심과 대처방식의 매개효과 연구", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 21(3), pp.661~682 (2009), 한국상담심리학회
  4. 2011년도 정신질환실태 역학조사, "서울대학교 의과대학", 보건복지부, ~ (2011)
  5. 신미지, "부모의 거절과 통제행동 및 양육스트레스가 아동의 우울에 미치는 영향", 복지상담연구, 2(1), pp.89~109 (2013)
  6. 우미경, "초등학교 아동들이 지각한 부모의 심리통제와 자아존중감의 관계: 부적응적 자기지향 완벽주의의 매개효과", 한국심리학회지:학교, 9(2), pp.157~174 (2012), 한국심리학회산하학교심리학회[DOI]
  7. 장진아, "부부갈등이 청소년 자녀의 부적응에 미치는 영향 - 자아탄력성, 부모 양육태도, 사회적 지지의 매개과정", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 18(3), pp.569~592 (2006), 한국상담심리학회
  8. 정은선, "부모의 양육태도가 주관적 행복감과 우울감에 미치는 영향: 강인성의 매개역할", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 21(1), pp.209~227 (2009), 한국상담심리학회
  9. 조은주, "부와 모의 심리적 통제와 청소년의 우울 및 불안 : 비합리적 신념의 매개역할", 한국청소년연구, 24(1), pp.35~70 (2013), 한국청소년정책연구원
  10. 최윤경, "부모의 양육행동과 아동의 우울 관계에서 긍정적 스트레스 대처행동과 자기통제의 매개효과 연구", 아동교육, 20(2), pp.235~251 (2011), 한국아동교육학회
  11. 최정아, "청소년의 우울과 지각된 부모 지지, 행동적 통제 및 심리적 통제 간의 관계에 관한 연구 : 자아통제력 및 자아유능감의 매개효과를 중심으로", 한국청소년연구, 19(1), pp.295~326 (2008), 한국청소년정책연구원
  12. 한기백, "대학생이 지각한 아동기 부․모애착과 우울의 관계: 자아존중감과 성인애착의 매개 효과", 상담학연구, 14(5), pp.3065~3087 (2013), 한국상담학회
  13. Ainsworth, M. D. S., "Determinants of infant behavior II", pp.67~112 (1963), Methuen
  14. Ainsworth, M. D. S., "Infancy in Uganda:Infant care and the growth of love" (1967), Johns Hopkins University Press
  15. Ainsworth, M. D. S., "Attachment, exploration, and separation : Illustrated by the behavior of one-year-olds in a strange situation", Child Development, 41(1), pp.49~67 (1970)
  16. Ainsworth, M. D. S., "Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the Strange Situtation" (1978), Erlbaum
  17. Allen, J., "Traumatic relationships and serious mental disorders" (2001), Wiley &Sons
  18. American College Health Association, "National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary" (2012), American College Health Association
  19. Anhalt, K., "Parenting characteristics associated with anxiety and depression : A multivariate approach", Journal of Early and Inensive Behavior Intervention, 5(3), pp.122~137 (2008)
  20. Baron, R. M., "The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research : conceptual, strategic, and stastistical consideration", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, pp.1173~1182 (1986)
  21. Beck, A., "Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects" (1967), Harper & Row
  22. Beck, A., "Cognitive therapy and emotional disorders" (1976), International Universities Press
  23. Belsky, J., "Attachment and bonding: A new synthesis", pp.169~198 (2005), The MIT Press
  24. Bowlby, J., "Attachment and loss:Attachment" (1982), Basic Books
  25. Bowlby, J., "Attachment and loss: Separation" (1973), Basic Books
  26. Bowlby, J., "Attachment and loss : Loss" (1980), Basic Books
  27. Bowlby, J., "A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development" (1988), Basic Books
  28. Windows: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming, "Structural Equation Modeling with EQS and EQS", pp.1994, Byrne, B. M.
  29. Byrne, B. M., "Structural Equation Modeling with EQS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming" (2006), Lawrence Erlbaum
  30. Byrne, B. M., "Structural Equation Modeling with Mplus: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming" (2012), Routledge
  31. Cassidy, J., "Attachment in the presechool years: Theory, research, and intervention", pp.87~119 (1990), University of Chicago Press
  32. Campos, R. C., "The mediating role of self-criticism and dependency in the association between perceptions of maternal caring and depressive symptoms", Depression and Anxiety, 27, pp.1149~1157 (2010)
  33. Cox, M., "Fathers’and mothers’ supportive involvement and their toddlers’ enthusiastic exploration: A family perspective", Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (2003)
  34. Crook, T., "Parent-child relationships and adult depression", Child Development, 52, pp.950~957 (1981)
  35. Cranford, J. A., "Substance behaviors, mental health problems, and use of mental health services in a probability sample of college students", Addictive Behaviors, 34, pp.134~145 (2009)
  36. Eisenberg, D., "Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality among university students", American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77(4), pp.534~542 (2007)
  37. Elliot, A., "Attachment and exploration in adulthood", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), pp.317~331 (2003)
  38. Ellis, A., "Better, deeper, and more enduring brief therapy: The rational emotive behavior therapy approach", pp.1996, Brunner
  39. Ellis, A., "Current Psychotherapies", pp.2008, Brooks
  40. Feeney, B. C., "Growing through attachment : The interplay of attachment and exploration in adulthood", Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27(2), pp.226~234 (2010)
  41. Feldman, R., "Mother-infant affect synchrony as an antecedent of the emergence of self-control", Developmental Psychology, 35(1), pp.223~231 (1999)
  42. Graaf, L. E., "Measuring dysfunctional attitudes in the general population : The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale(form A)Revised", Cognitive Therapy Research, 33, pp.345~355 (2009)
  43. Grossmann, K., "Handbook of Attachment: Theory, research, & clinical applications" (2008), Guildford
  44. Holmbeck, G. N., "Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators : Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, pp.599~610 (1997)
  45. Hu, L., "Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structural analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives", Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), pp.1~55 (1999)
  46. Kenny, M. E., "Parental attachment, self-worth, and depressive symptoms among emerging adulthood", Journal of Counseling & Development, 84, pp.61~71 (2006)
  47. Lamb, M., "The role of the father in child development", pp.1~31 (2004), Wiley
  48. Little, T. D., "To parcel or not to parcel : Exploring the question, weighing the merits", Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), pp.151~173 (2002)
  49. Mattanah, J. F., "The contributions of parental attachment bonds to college student development and adjustment : A meta-analytic review", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(4), pp.565~596 (2011)
  50. Mikulincer, M., "Attachment in adulthood" (2007), Guilford Press
  51. Muthen, L. K., "Mplus user’s guide" (2010), Authors
  52. Noftle, E. E., "Attachment dimensions and the big five personality traits : Associations and comparative ability to predict relationship quality", Journal of Research in Personality, 40, pp.179~208 (2006)
  53. Obegi, J. H., "Exploring intergerational transmission of attachment style in young female adults and their mothers", Journal of Social and Personality Relationships, 21(5), pp.625~638 (2004)
  54. Oldehinkel, A. J., "Temperament, parenting, and depressive symptoms in a population sample of preadolescents", Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(7), pp.684~695 (2006)
  55. Overbeek, G., "Parental lack of care and overprotection : Longitudinal associations with DSM-III-R disorders", Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42, pp.87~93 (2007)
  56. Parker, G., "A Parental Bonding Instrument", British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52(1), pp.1~10 (1979)
  57. Radloff, L. S., "The CES-D Scale : A self-report depression scale for research in the general population", Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, pp.385~401 (1977)
  58. Randolph, J. J., "Perceptions of parenting and depressionproneness in the offspring : Dysfunctional attitudes as a mediating mechanism", Cognitive Therapy & Resesarch, 22(4), pp.377~400 (1998)
  59. Raskin, A., "Factor analyses of normal and depressed patients’ memories of parental behavior", Psychological Reports, 29, pp.871~879 (1971)
  60. Riggs, S. A., "Predictors of anxiety and depression in emerging adulthood", Journal of adult development, 16, pp.39~52 (2009)
  61. Rosenberg, M., "Society and the adolescent child" (1965), Princeton University Press
  62. Rosenberg, J., "The importance of fathers in the healthy development of children" (2006)
  63. Russell, D. W., "Analyzing data from experimental studies : A latent variable structural equation modeling approach", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, pp.18~29 (1998)
  64. Sarason, B. R., "Social support: An international view", pp.97~128 (1990), Wiley
  65. Schaefer, R. E., "A configuratinal analysis of children’s reports of parent behavior", Journal Counseling Psychology, 29, pp.552~557 (1965)
  66. Schore, A. N., "Dysregulation of the right brain : A fundamental mechanism of traumatic attachment and the psychopathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder", Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36, pp.9~30 (2001)
  67. Shadish, W. R., "Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference" (2001), Cengage Learning
  68. Soenens, B., "The intergenerational transmission of perfectionism : Parents' psychological control as an intervening variable", Journal of Family Psychology, 19(3), pp.358~366 (2005)
  69. Soenens, B., "A theoretical upgrade of the concept of parental psychological control : Proposing new insights on the basis of self-determination theory", Developmental Review, 30, pp.74~99 (2010)
  70. Soenens, B., "Maladaptive perfectionistic self-representations : The mediational link between psychological control and adjustment", Personality and Individual Differences, 38, pp.487~498 (2005)
  71. Scroufe, L. A., "The power of longitudinal attachment research: From infancy and childhood to adulthood", pp.48~70 (2005), Guilford
  72. Videon, T., "Parent-child relationships and children’s psychological well-being", Journal of Family Issue, 26, pp.55~78 (2005)
  73. Weissman, A., "Dysfunctional Attitude Scale: A validation study", doctor, pp.1979
  74. Weitzman, E. R., "Poor mental health, depression, and associations with alcohol consumption, harm, and abuse in a national sample of young adults in college", Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192(4), pp.269~277 (2004)
  75. Wright, M. O., "Childhood emotional maltreatment and later psychological distress among college students : The mediating role of maladaptive schemas", Child Abuse & Neglect : The International Journal, 33(1), pp.59~68 (2009)
  76. Wright, M. O., "Handbook of resilience in children", pp.2005, Kluwer Academic
  77. Yehuda, R., "Psychoneuroendocrinology of post-traumatic stress disorder", Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 21(2), pp.359~379 (1998)
  78. Yehuda, R., "Are glucocorticoids responsible for putative hipocampal damage in PTSD? How and when to decide", Hippocampus, 11, pp.85~90 (2001)
  79. Young, R., "Children’s perceptions of parental emotional neglect and control and psychopathology", Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(8), pp.889~897 (2011)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (15건)