본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

말레이시아에서의 불평등과 빈곤

Inequality and Poverty in Malaysia

이양호
한국동남아학회|2013.02|동남아시아연구 (The Southeast Asian Review)|제23권 제1호|pp. 127-167|DOI 10.21652/kaseas.23.1.201302.127

0

조회

0

다운로드

3

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

povertyinequalityMalaysiabumiputra
주제분류지역학

초록

This paper aims to analyse the inequality and poverty in Malaysia. Malaysia is considered to be a country of high inequality and high poverty according to the Asian Development Bank. To tackle the income inequality and poverty in Malaysia, especially after the incident of ethnic riot in 1969, the government pursued to implement the affirmative action for the benefit of bumiputra. Recognizing the fact that the economic factors are crucial in determining the levels of inequality and poverty, this paper analyses the historical, institutional and cultural factors and evaluates the affirmative action designed to reduce the income gap between bumiputra and non-bumiputra.

Abstract

This paper aims to analyse the inequality and poverty in Malaysia. Malaysia is considered to be a country of high inequality and high poverty according to the Asian Development Bank. To tackle the income inequality and poverty in Malaysia, especially after the incident of ethnic riot in 1969, the government pursued to implement the affirmative action for the benefit of bumiputra. Recognizing the fact that the economic factors are crucial in determining the levels of inequality and poverty, this paper analyses the historical, institutional and cultural factors and evaluates the affirmative action designed to reduce the income gap between bumiputra and non-bumiputra.

참고문헌 (57)

  1. 김종업, "말레이시아 종족간의 갈등 원인과 현황 연구: 신경제정책(The New Economic Policy, NEP)와의 연관성을 중심으로", 사회과학논집, 42(1), pp.39~63 (2011), 사회과학연구소
  2. 황인원, "UMNO 파벌주의와 마하티르 정치리더십의 권위주의화 경향에 관한 연구", 한국정치학회보, 37(3), pp.241~264 (2003), 한국정치학회
  3. 박정석, "말레이시아 인도인의 암만(여신) 숭배 : 사람들의 디아스포라 혹은 신들의 디아스포라?", 인도연구, 10(2), pp.43~81 (2005), 한국인도학회
  4. Acemoglu, Daron, "Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty" (2012), Crown Business
  5. Asian Development Outlook 2012: Confronting rising inequality in Asia, "Asian Development Bank", ADB, ~ (2012)
  6. Al-Mamun, Abdullah, "Examining the Effect of Microcredit on Poverty in Malaysia", ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 29(1), pp.15~28 (2012)
  7. Anand, Sudhir, "Aspects of Poverty in Mlaysia", Fourteenth General Conference of the lARIW (1975)
  8. Anand, Sudhir, "Inequality and Poverty in Malaysia Measurement and Decomposition" (1983), Oxford University Press
  9. "Asia Barometer Survey 2007 data"[URL]
  10. "Asian Barometer Survey 2007 data"[URL]
  11. Azman, Azlinda, "Contemporary Issues and Challenges in Poverty: a Case Study of Malaysia", The Hong Kong Journal of Social Work, 44(2), pp.135~150 (2010)
  12. Balasubramaniam, Vejai, "A Divided Nation: Malay Political Dominance, Bumiputera Material Advancement and National Identity in Malaysia", National Identities, 9(1), pp.35~48 (2007)
  13. "Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index 2012"[URL]
  14. Church, Peter, "A Short History of Southeast Asia" (2006), John Wiley & Sons
  15. Daniels, Timothy P., "Urban Space, Belonging, and Inequality in Multi-Ethnic Housing Estates of Melaka, Malaysia", Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 17, pp.176~203 (2010)
  16. Demery, Lionel, "Poverty and Macroeconomic Policy in Malaysia, 1979-87", World Development, 19(11), pp.1615~1632 (1991)
  17. Department of Statistics, "Population distribution and Basic Demographic Characteristics", ~ (2011)
  18. Economist Intelligence Unit, "Democracy Index 2010", A Report from the Economist Intelligence Unit, The Economist, ~ (2010)
  19. Elhadary, Yasin, "Political Economy and Urban Poverty in the Developing Countries: Lessons Learned from Sudan and Malaysia", Joumal of Geography and Geology, 4(1), pp.212~223 (2012)
  20. Economic Planning Unit, "Malaysia: 30 Years of Poverty Reduction, Growth and Racial Harmony", Scaling up Poverty Reduction: A Global Learning Process and Conference (2004), World Bank
  21. Tenth Malaysia Plan 2011-2015, "Economic Planning Unit", Economic Planning Unit, ~ (2010)
  22. Economic Planning Unit, "The Malaysian Economy in Figures 2012", Economic Planning Unit, ~ (2012)
  23. Frankema, Ewout, "The colonial roots of land inequality: geography, factor endowments, or institutions?", Economic History Review, 63(2), pp.418~451 (2010)
  24. Galbraith, James K., "Inequality and Instability: A Study of the World Economy just before the Great Crisis" (2012), Oxford University Press
  25. Gustavsson, Magnus, "Inequality and Trust in Sweden: Some Inequalities are more Harmful than Others", Journal of Public Economics, 92(1), pp.348~365 (2008)
  26. Hooker, Virginia M., "A Short History of Malaysia: Linking Eats and West" (2003), Allen & Unwin
  27. Huntington, Samuel P., "Cultures Count, In Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress", pp.13~16 (2000), Basic Books
  28. World Economic Outlook Globalization and Inequality, "International Monetary Fund", IMF, ~ (2007)
  29. Ishak, Suraiya, "Tales of the Survivors: the Bumiputera Entrepreneurs’ Experience", Asian Social Science, 8(2), pp.25~33 (2012)
  30. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia, "Malalui Statistik 2010", ~
  31. Growth with Equity in East Asia?, "Jomo, K. S.", Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, ~, pp.Working Paper no. 33 (2006)
  32. When is Economic Growth Pro-poor? Experiences in Malaysia and Pakistan, "Khan, Mahmood Hasan", IMF, ~, pp.Working Paper WP (2002), 02[DOI]
  33. Kinuthia, Bethuel Kinyanjui, "Poverty Reduction in Malaysia", Paper submitted for the Tackling Development Falsification Award Competition, ~ (2010)
  34. Klitgaard, Robert, "Overcoming Ethnic Inequalities: Lessons from Malaysia", Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2(3), pp.333~349 (1983)
  35. Kusnic, Michael W., "Who are the Poor in Malaysia? The Sensitivity of Poverty Profiles to Definition of Income", Population and Development Review, 8, pp.17~34 (1982)
  36. SIONG HOOK LAW, "THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN MALAYSIA", Journal of Economic Development, 34(2), pp.153~168 (2009), 경제연구소
  37. Poverty Across Europe: The Latest Evidence Using the EU-SILC Survey, "Lelkes, Orsolya", European Centre Policy Brief, ~ (2008)
  38. Marimuthu, Maran, "Bumiputera-controlled Companies: Performance Evaluation Using a Non-parametric Approach", International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2(2), pp.178~185 (2010)
  39. Moten, Abdul Rashid, "Changing Political Culture and Electoral Behavior in Malaysia", Asian Affairs: American Review, 38(1), pp.39~56 (2011)
  40. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, "Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising", OECD, ~ (2011)
  41. Perumal, Muniappan, "New Budget Standard Poverty Lines for Malaysia", Review of Income and Wealth, 38(3), pp.341~353 (1992)
  42. Ragayah, Haji Mat Zin, "Income Inequality in Malaysia", Asian Economic Policy Review, 3, pp.114~132 (2008)
  43. Ramasamy, Rajakrishnan, "Racial Inequality and Social Reconstruction in Malaysia", JAAS, 28(3-4), pp.217~229 (1993)
  44. Rasiah, Rajah, "Drivers of Growth and Poverty Reduction in Malaysia: Government Policy, Export Manufacturing and Foreign Direct Investment", Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies, 45(1), pp.21~44 (2008)
  45. Salih, Thamir, "A case study of structural transformations, trade and poverty in Malaysia's socioeconomic development, 1960-95", International Journal of Commerce and Management, 10(1), pp.24~47 (2010)
  46. Savoia, Antonio, "Inequality, Democracy, and Institutions: A Critical Review of Recent Research", World Development, 38(2), pp.142~154 (2009)
  47. Shari, Ishak, "Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Malaysia, 1971-95", Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 5(1, pp.2) (2000), 112~124
  48. Siddique, Sharon, "Bumiputra and Pribumi: Economic Nationalism (Indiginism) in Malaysia and Indonesia", Pacific Affairs, 54(4), pp.662~687 (1982)
  49. Sriskandarajah, Dhananjayan, "Development, Inequality and Ethnic Accommodation: Clues from Malaysia, Mauritius and Trinidad and Tobago", Oxford Development Studies, 33(1), pp.63~79 (2005)
  50. Does Income Inequality Negatively Affect General Trust? Examining Three Potentil Problems with the Inequality-trust Hypothesis, "Stein, Sander", AIAS, ~, pp.GINI Discussion Paper 20 (2011)
  51. Malaysia: The Millennium Development Goal at 2010, "UN country team, Malaysia", UN, ~ (2011)
  52. UNDP, "Malaysia: Measuring and Monitoring Poverty and Inequality", UNDP, ~ (2007)
  53. Combating Poverty and Inequality: Structural Change, Social Policy and Politics, "United Nations Research Institute for Social Development", UNRISD, ~ (2010)
  54. Uslander, Eric M., "The Moral Foundations of Trust" (2002), Cambridge University Press
  55. Political and Cultural Impacts of Growing Inequalities, "Werfhorst, Herman", AIAS, ~, pp.GINI Intermediate Work Package 5 Report (2012)
  56. World Bank, "Malaysia Economic Monitor Inclusive Growth", World Bank, ~ (2010)
  57. Yusoff, Mohammed B., "Globalization, Economic Policy, and Equity: the Case of Malaysia", OECD workshop on “Poverty and Income Inequality in Developing Countries: A Policy Dialogue on the Effects of Globalization” (2000)

관련 논문AI추천

말레이시아 적극적 우대정책(Affirmative Action)의 배경, 성과, 그리고 최근 동향염철현대한교육법학회 · 교육법학연구2014 · 제26권 제2호THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN MALAYSIAHUI BOON TAN, SIONG HOOK LAW경제연구소 · Journal of Economic Development2009 · 제34권 제2호종족별 말레이시아의 정치에 대한 인식조사 : 쿠알라룸푸르 내 대학생을 중심으로김유미동남아연구소 · 동남아연구2013 · 제23권 제1호Caught-In or Breaking-Free from the Middle Income Trap: The Case of MalaysiaChan-Yuan Wong, Hon-Ngen Fung경제연구소 · Seoul Journal of Economics2019 · 제32권 제1호Understanding Political Contestation in MalaysiaJayum Anak Jawan아세안연구원 · SUVANNABHUMI2016 · 제8권 제2호말레이시아의 교육정책과 종족갈등양승윤동남아연구소 · 동남아연구2008 · 제17권 제2호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (10건)

필리핀 민주주의의 헌정공학: 권력공유, 책임성, 효율성, 안정성김동엽pp. 1-44태국 민주주의의 심화와 헌정공학김홍구pp. 45-87포스트-탁신 시대의 '붉은셔츠': 이념, 조직, 행동박은홍pp. 89-126이순원의 「얼굴」과 윈 리어우와린의 「랏 엑까텟의 세 가지 세상」에 나타난 폭력과 감정최난옥pp. 169-194자바 마을의 루꾼과 아닷: 자바 문화 이해를 위한 영토성 모델 제안조윤미pp. 195-234
원문 보기