중국의 공급망금융 프로세스 혁신-징동(Jing Dong) 사례 분석
Innovation of China's Supply Chain Financing Process: Case of JingDong's New Financing Process
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초록
중국의 많은 인터넷 금융회사들은 기존 금융에 공급망관리 개념이 결합된 공급망금융(Supply Chain Finance, SCF)을 이용하여 중소기업 대출을 지원하고 있다. 공급망금융은 원자재 조달과 제품 생산, 유통과 최종 판매에 이르기까지 참여자들의 이익을 극대화 할 수 있다. 최근 중국내 대표적인 IT업체인 징동(Jingdong,JD), 수닝(Suning), 알리바바(Alibaba) 등은 자신의 회사에 상품을 공급하는 중소기업에게 은행으로부터 자금조달의 편의를 제공하거나 직접 자금을 지원함으로써 중소기업의 성장에 도움을 주고 있다. 하지만 전통적인 공급망금융 방식에서는 플랫폼 사업자와 외부의 금융서비스 제공자 사이에 존재하는 여러 위험으로 인하여 중국에서는 이러한 과정의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 혁신이 진행되고 있는 중이다. 본고는 중국 공급망에서 일어나는 일련의 혁신과정에 대한 이해를 돕기위해 2017년까지 16만개 이상의 중소기업이 자체공급망에 참여하고 있으며 가장 성공적인 자금지원모델이라고 할 수 있는 징동의 사례를 분석하였다. 본고는 징동이 안고 있던 전통적인 공급망금융의 문제점을 분석하고, 이 문제점의 해결을 위해 도입된 혁신적인 공급망금융인 징바오베이(JinBaoBei, 京保贝), 징샤오다이(JingXiaoDai, 京小贷), 윈창징룽(YunCangJingRong, 云仓京融)을 분석해 도식화 하였다. 이는 징동의 프로세스 변화를 통한 혁신이 전통적인 금융보다 향상된 결과를 나타내고 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 본고는 공급망금융의 발전과정에 필요한 논의로서 후속 연구의 기초가 될 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
China's supply chain finance (SCF) is a huge market, and many Internet Finance Companies (IFCs) are willing to provide financing for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to improve business relationships and economic benefits. However, many risks are associated with financing. Innovations are introduced in China's supply chain financing to reduce the risks. Many companies used Big data, Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and other new technologies to facilitate innovation, tap resources, and improve production. This study takes Jingdong's (JD's) new financing process to understand innovation financing in China. Through analysis of JingBaoBei, JingXiaoDai, and YunCangJingRong financing processes, we discuss the JD's new supply chain financing based on funding sources, mode of operation, financing quota, audit time, funding speed, and annual interest rate.
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