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인도네시아 2020:전염병이 위협하는 민주주의와 경제

Indonesia 2020:Democracy and Economy Threatened by COVID-19

박희경|신재혁
한국동남아학회|2021.05|동남아시아연구 (The Southeast Asian Review)|제31권 제2호|pp. 1-38|DOI 10.21652/kaseas.31.2.202105.1

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코로나19COVID-19Indonesian Economy옴니버스법Omnibus LawIndonesian Politics인도네시아 정치인도네시아 경제인도네시아 외교한-인도네시아 관계2020 인도네시아 지방선거조꼬 위도도Indonesian DiplomacyKorea-Indonesia Relations2020 Indonesian Local ElectionsJoko Widodo
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초록

이 논문은 2020년 한 해 동안 인도네시아에서 일어난 주요 이슈들을 설명하고, 그것이 인도네시아 정치와 경제에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것을 목표로 한다. 코로나19가 전 세계를 강타한 2020년 인도네시아의 피해 상황은 심각했고, 이로 인해 조꼬위 정부에 대한 국민들의 실망감도 컸다. 하지만 조꼬위 대통령은 강력한 방역 조치를 취하여 전염병 확산을 억제하기보다 경제 우선 기조를 유지하면서 언론과 야당, 국민에 대한 통제를 강화했다. 또한 투자를 촉진하기 위해 10월에 옴니버스법을 통과시켰는데, 노동자에 대한 보호와 혜택을 축소하는 옴니버스법에 반대해 노동계는 전국적인 시위와 파업을 벌였다. 12월에는 지방선거가 실시됐는데, 많은 현역 정치인 자녀가 당선됐고, 조꼬위 대통령 역시 아들과 사위가 시장 선거에 출마해서 당선됐다. 한편 조꼬위 정부의 경제 우선 정책에도 불구하고 인도네시아는 경기 침체를 겪었다. 하지만 다른 인접 국가들에 비해 경제적 피해 규모가 크지는 않았다. 특히 하반기부터는 해외직접투자가 급격하게 증가하였다.

Abstract

This paper aims to explain the major issues that have arisen in Indonesia during the year 2020 and analyze their impact on Indonesia's politics and economy. The damage situation in Indonesia, when COVID-19 hit the world, was serious, and as a result, the people's disappointment in the Jokowi government was also great. However, President Jokowi prioritized the economy, rather than curbing the spread of the epidemic with strong quarantine measures. He strengthened control over the media, opposition parties, and the people. He also passed an omnibus bill in October to promote investment. Workers started nationwide protests and strikes against the omnibus bill that will reduce protection and benefits for the workers. Local elections were held in December, and many children of incumbent politicians were elected. President Jokowi’s son and son-in-law also won mayoral elections. Meanwhile, Indonesia suffered an economic downturn despite the Jokowi administration's policy of prioritizing the economy. However, compared to other neighboring countries, the magnitude of economic damage was not significant. In particular, from the second half of the year, foreign direct investment increased sharply.

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