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계획된 행동이론 관점에서 본기후위기 대응방안으로서의 플렉시테리어니즘(간헐적 채식주의) 지속 및 확산방안

A Study on the Spread and Persistence of Flexitarianism as a Countermeasure against Climate Change: Focusing on the Theory of Planned Behavior

오수빈|이효은
한국환경철학회 (The Korean Society For The Study Of Environmental Philosophy)|2021.06|환경철학 (Environmental Philosophy)|제31호|pp. 57-99|DOI 10.35146/jecoph.2021..31.004

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기후변화Climate Change비거니즘VeganismTPB(Theory of Planned Behavior)플렉시테리어니즘간헐적 채식계획된 행동이론(TPBTheory of Planned Behavior)Flexitarianism

초록

전 세계가 기후위기를 효과적으로 대응하기 위한 방안을 모색하는 가운데 축산업과 육류소비가 기후변화에 부정적인 영향을 준다는 과학적인 합의가 형성되기 시작했다. 하지만 최근 식습관을 완전히 바꾸는 것이 쉬운 일이 아님을 인정하며 플렉시테리언 식단을 제시하는 사람들이 늘고 있음에도, 이 분야의 연구는 비거니즘의 그것과 비교하여 현저히 적다. 따라서 이 연구는 국내에서 플렉시테리언이 간헐적 채식을 선택한 요인을 연구하여 참여와 실천을 지속적으로 확장하기 위해 필요한 노력과 방안을 제시할 목적으로 진행되었다. 이를 위해 개인의 사회행동을 예측하고 이해하기 위해 '계획된 행동이론'을 분석틀로 활용하여, 실천을 형성하는 의도를 태도, 주관적 규범, 지각된 행동통제 요인으로 구분하여 분석했다. 태도 측면에서 플렉시테리어니즘이 지니는 기후위기 대응 효과와 실천의 용이함을 강조하고, 작은 실천을 통해 긍정적인 감정을 고양할 수 있다는 점에 주안점을 두고 플렉시테리어니즘의 행동의도를 강화할 필요가 있다. 또한, 주관적 규범 측면에서 채식에 대한 부정적 사회인식을 개선하여 플렉시테리언 실천 인구를 확장하고 책임감 있는 실천규범으로서의 플렉시테리어니즘을 강조할 필요가 있다. 마지막으로 지각된 행동통제 측면에서 플렉시테리어니즘이 지니는 채식으로서의 가치를 인정하여 그들을 채식주의자 집단에 소속감을 느낄 수 있도록 해야 한다.

Abstract

As the world seeks to effectively respond to the climate change, a scientific consensus has begun to form that livestock and meat consumption have a negative impact on the issue. Despite the fact that the most effective countermeasure to climate change at the individual level is to reduce meat consumption, limitations exist as international discussions have not considered it in detail, while related studies are relatively insufficient. In particular, despite more and more people admitting that it is not easy to entirely change eating habits and therefore emphasizing the practice of flexitarianism instead of complete veganism, research in this field is significantly less compared to that of veganism. Therefore, this study presents the necessary efforts and measures to continuously increase public participation of flexitarianism in Korean. In order to predict and understand individuals' social behavior, the study used "Theory of Planned Behavior" as an analytical framework to study the intent of forming practice by dividing it into three factors: attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior. In terms of attitude, it is necessary to reinforce the intention of action of flexitarianism, emphasizing the effect on climate change action and ease of action, and focusing on the fact that positive emotions can be raised through small actions. In addition, in terms of subjective norms, it is necessary to expand the population of engaging flexitarianism by minimizing the negative social cognition, and to emphasize flexitarianism as a responsible practice norm. Finally, in terms of perceived behavioral control, the value of flexitarianism towards vegetarianism should be acknowledged so that flexitarians can feel a sense of belonging to the vegetarian group. In addition, it is necessary to seek ways to inspire pride to individuals who are already practicing flexitarianism, while also actively promote flexitarianism with eating habits that can be sufficiently controlled with individual will. This study has academic significance in that it presents flexitarianism as a way to respond to the climate change and considers ways to spread and sustain it. In addition, unlike existing vegetarian studies that have focused on veganism for health, animal rights and ethical reasons, this study focuses on flexitarianism and confirms the importance of it through in-depth interviews with people who already practice this eating habit. Also, it has social implications as it presents the cause of behavior in terms of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control for the first time in Korea.

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