초기 부존자원을 활용한 국내 대형항공사(FSC)의 경쟁력 제고 방안 연구
The Competitiveness Improvement of Korean Full Service Carriers Using Resources Endowment
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항공산업은 대내외적인 환경변수에 매우 민감한 산업이다. 특히, 항공운송산업은 2000년이후 9.11테러, 이라크전, 유가, 환율, 전염병 등 크고 작은 돌발변수들에 직면하고 있다. 이에 대한 대안으로 최근 국내외대형항공사(Full Service Carrier)들은 기존의 경영형태를 과감히 탈피, 부가서비스를 조합한 브랜디드 페어(Branded Fare)를 출시하는 등 적극적인 경영전략을 구사하고 있다. 즉, 국내 대형항공사들은 불가항력적인대외변수는 차지하더라도 초기 부존자원(resources endowment)을 어떻게 하면 효과적으로 활용하여 부정적환경 요소를 뛰어넘어 대내외 경쟁력을 제고 할 수 있을까 하는 절체절명의 상황에 직면하고 있는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 1994년부터 2014년까지 국내 대형항공사를 대상으로 초기 부존자원이 항공사 경쟁력을위하여 시대별로 어느 요소에 집중적으로 활용되어왔고 그 흐름이 어떻게 변화되어 왔는지를 각각의요소별로 세분화하여 분석한다. 본 과정에서 이전 연구가 대부분 총 요소를 기준으로 총 생산성(TFP)에중점을 두고 문제를 접근하였다면, 본 연구에서는 최근 저비용항공사(Low Cost Carrier)들이 대형항공사를위협하는 운임전략과 함께 수요유출에 대한 대응으로 자원기반관점(RBV)모델을 활용한 대형항공사의초기 부존자원의 중요도를 시대별로 분석한 후, 본 자료를 근거로 대형항공사들의 기초 부존자원의 효율적인활용 방안과 기업성과를 최대화하는 경영정책전략까지도 제시하는 것을 목표로 한다.
Abstract
The aviation industry is one of the industries which are most sensitive to the internal and external environment variables. In the early 2000s, the aviation industry has been in a difficult situation owing to unstable international situations like 9.11 terror and Iraq War and also some unexpected variables like change in oil price, a fall in the exchange rate and an infectious disease. The Full Service Carriers, meanwhile, is facing the situation in which they need to consider a measure of the sudden and radical development of the Low Cost Carriers which launch a combined optional service, that is, the Branded Fare. Therefore, although it cannot be helped under the overwhelming external conditions, the Full Service Carriers need to draw up measures to improve their competitiveness by means of effective operations of resources endowment. After analyzing the competitiveness of resources endowment operations targeting Korean Full Service Carriers from 1994 to 2014 which operate international flights, this study aims to investigate which resources operation is chronologically most useful for the competitiveness improvement of the Full Service Carriers. Most of previous researches about the competitiveness of the carriers lay emphasis on the total factor productivity based on the criteria of human resource, physical resource and intangible resource. However, the attainments of this study are as follows; one is to reason out a way of effective resources operation, as a respond to the fare strategy of Low Cost Carriers and demand outflow, by means of the chronological analysis on the importance of resources endowment, the other one is to adduce a management policy strategy to maximize company result.
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