텍스트 애널리틱스 방법을 활용한 고객 관점에서의 항공서비스 랭킹 방법
Customer Perspective Ranking Methodology for Airline Services Using Text Analytics Approaches
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구는 고객 관점에서 항공 서비스를 정확하게 평가할 수 있는 텍스트 애널리틱스 기반의 새로운 순위결정 체계를 제안한다. 새로운 랭킹 체계를 통해 개선하고자하는 문제점은 크게 두 가지로 (1) 가장 보편적으로 활용되는 설문조사의 샘플링이 갖는 한계와, (2) 현재 제공되는 항공서비스 랭킹 체계가 비즈니스 모델 차이를 세부적으로 반영하지 못하는 문제이다. 일반적인 설문조사에 의한 데이터수집은 실시간 데이터 축적의 어려움, 수집 비용 및 시간의 문제, 데이터셋 크기의 문제, 무응답과 부정확한 응답 또는 샘플의 불완전한 대표성에 따른 통계적 오류 등의 문제가 존재한다. 반면에 온라인리뷰는 실시간으로 끊임없이 축적되므로 대용량의 데이터셋 확보가 가능하고, 고객의 자발적인 피드백이라는 점에서 무응답과 부정확한 응답에 해당하지 않고 직접적이고 솔직한 고객의 인식을 담고 있으며, 수집 비용이나 시간의 문제가 없다. 또한 정해진 데이터 추출 기준에 의해 전체 데이터셋을 수집하기 때문에 샘플링에서 일반적으로 발생하는 선택 편의에 의한 통계적 오류가 발생할 가능성을 최소화할 수 있다. 이러한 장점을 갖는 온라인 리뷰를 텍스트 애널리틱스에 적용하여, 도출된 고객의 인식을 포함한 모델링 결과들(토픽, 토픽 중요도, 단어 빈도)을 랭킹 방법에서 각각 평가 항목, 가중치와평가 점수로 활용하기 때문에 온전히 고객 관점의 평가가 가능하게 된다. 특히 온라인 리뷰에서 도출된 대형 항공사와 저비용 항공사간의 토픽(평가 항목)이 상당한 차이를 보이기 때문에, 즉 두 비즈니스모델간 고객 인식이 상당한 차이를 보이기 때문에, 이를 반영한 랭킹 결과는 그렇지 않은 기존 방식보다 우월한 성능을 보인다. 제안된 랭킹의 성능 파악을 위해 Skytrax의 랭킹을 비교 대상으로 삼아 기업성과와의 상관관계 분석을 통해 제안한 방법의 효과를 검증한다. 분석 결과 제안된 랭킹이 Skytrax의랭킹 보다 기업의 성과와 높은 상관관계를 보였고, 이는 고객 인식을 반영한 텍스트 애널리틱스 기반의 랭킹이 고객의 서비스 품질에 대한 평가를 더 잘 반영한 결과라고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
This study proposes a novel text analytics based (TAB) ranking methodology focused on customer perspectives to evaluate airline services as exactly as possible. The proposed ranking methodology aims to resolve two major problems of the existing survey-based ranking methodology; (1) the own problem of sampling in the survey methodology most widely used for ranking, (2) the problem of not considering differences between business models in airline services. A typical survey methodology includes the following problems: difficulty in realtime collection of samples, collection cost and time, sample size, statistical errors by missing or invalid responses and insufficient sample representativeness. On the contrary, online reviews are relatively easy to collect big data in realtime. They include direct and faithful perceptions of customers as voluntary feedbacks, and do not involve in collection cost and time. Because online reviews are not sampled but fully collected depending upon the crawling criteria, they are not likely to cause statistical errors by the selection bias, which is unavoidable in the typical survey sampling. In particular, the proposed ranking methodology makes it possible to be a thoroughly customer perspective evaluation since the proposed methodology uses modeling results(topics, topic significances, word frequencies) of text analytics, which has been applied to customer authored-online reviews for evaluation items, weights of items, and evaluations respectively. Since there exist large differences between topics(evaluation items) extracted from reviews of full service carriers and low cost carriers, and thus there are obvious differences in customer perceptions between two different business models, the proposed ranking methodology that can reflect these differences outperforms the Skytrax ranking, the comparison target. The performance of the proposed ranking has been verified through the corelation analysis with typical benchmarks of firm performance. The results show that the proposed ranking showed a higher correlation with the benchmarks than the Skytrax ranking did. This means that the proposed ranking methodology works well in evaluating service quality while exactly capturing customer perceptions.
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