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Phosphoinositide turnover in Toll-like receptor signaling and trafficking

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Lipid components in biological membranes are essential formaintaining cellular function. Phosphoinositides, the phosphorylatedderivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PI), regulatemany critical cell processes involving membrane signaling,trafficking, and reorganization. Multiple metabolic pathwaysincluding phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases andphospholipases tightly control spatio-temporal concentration ofmembrane phosphoinositides. Metabolizing enzymes responsiblefor PI 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) production or degradationplay a regulatory role in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalingand trafficking. These enzymes include PI 4-phosphate 5-kinase,phosphatase and tensin homolog, PI 3-kinase, and phospholipaseC. PI(4,5)P2 mediates the interaction with target cytosolicproteins to induce their membrane translocation, regulatevesicular trafficking, and serve as a precursor for other signalinglipids. TLR activation is important for the innate immuneresponse and is implicated in diverse pathophysiologicaldisorders. TLR signaling is controlled by specific interactionswith distinct signaling and sorting adaptors. Importantly, TLRsignaling machinery is differentially formed depending on aspecific membrane compartment during signaling cascades. Although detailed mechanisms remain to be fully clarified,phosphoinositide metabolism is promising for a betterunderstanding of such spatio-temporal regulation of TLRsignaling and trafficking.

Abstract

Lipid components in biological membranes are essential formaintaining cellular function. Phosphoinositides, the phosphorylatedderivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PI), regulatemany critical cell processes involving membrane signaling,trafficking, and reorganization. Multiple metabolic pathwaysincluding phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases andphospholipases tightly control spatio-temporal concentration ofmembrane phosphoinositides. Metabolizing enzymes responsiblefor PI 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) production or degradationplay a regulatory role in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalingand trafficking. These enzymes include PI 4-phosphate 5-kinase,phosphatase and tensin homolog, PI 3-kinase, and phospholipaseC. PI(4,5)P2 mediates the interaction with target cytosolicproteins to induce their membrane translocation, regulatevesicular trafficking, and serve as a precursor for other signalinglipids. TLR activation is important for the innate immuneresponse and is implicated in diverse pathophysiologicaldisorders. TLR signaling is controlled by specific interactionswith distinct signaling and sorting adaptors. Importantly, TLRsignaling machinery is differentially formed depending on aspecific membrane compartment during signaling cascades. Although detailed mechanisms remain to be fully clarified,phosphoinositide metabolism is promising for a betterunderstanding of such spatio-temporal regulation of TLRsignaling and trafficking.

참고문헌 (70)

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