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Inhibition of mitoNEET induces Pink1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy

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초록

MitoNEET, a mitochondrial outer membrane protein containingthe Asn-Glu-Glu-Thr (NEET) sequence, controls the formation ofintermitochondrial junctions and confers autophagy resistance. Moreover, mitoNEET as a mitochondrial substrate undergoes ubiquitinationby activated Parkin during the initiation of mitophagy. Therefore, mitoNEET is linked to the regulation of autophagy andmitophagy. Mitophagy is the selective removal of the damagedor unnecessary mitochondria, which is crucial to sustaining mitochondrialquality control. In numerous human diseases, the accumulationof damaged mitochondria by impaired mitophagyhas been observed. However, the therapeutic strategy targetingof mitoNEET as a mitophagy-enhancing mediator requires furtherresearch. Herein, we confirmed that mitophagy is indeed activatedby mitoNEET inhibition. CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone), which leads to mitochondrial depolarization, inducesmitochondrial dysfunction and superoxide production. This, inturn, contributes to the induction of mitophagy; mitoNEET proteinlevels were initially increased before an increase in LC3-Ⅱ proteinfollowing CCCP treatment. Pharmacological inhibition ofmitoNEET using mitoNEET Ligand-1 (NL-1) promoted accumulationof Pink1 and Parkin, which are mitophagy-associated proteins,and activation of mitochondria–lysosome crosstalk, in comparisonto CCCP alone. Inhibition of mitoNEET using NL-1, or mitoNEETshRNA transfected into RAW264.7 cells, abrogated CCCP-inducedROS and mitochondrial cell death; additionally, it activated theexpression of PGC-1α and SOD2, regulators of oxidative metabolism. In particular, the increase in PGC-1α, which is a majorregulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, promotes mitochondrialquality control. These results indicated that mitoNEET is a potentialtherapeutic target in numerous human diseases to enhancemitophagy and protect cells by maintaining a network of healthymitochondria.

Abstract

MitoNEET, a mitochondrial outer membrane protein containingthe Asn-Glu-Glu-Thr (NEET) sequence, controls the formation ofintermitochondrial junctions and confers autophagy resistance. Moreover, mitoNEET as a mitochondrial substrate undergoes ubiquitinationby activated Parkin during the initiation of mitophagy. Therefore, mitoNEET is linked to the regulation of autophagy andmitophagy. Mitophagy is the selective removal of the damagedor unnecessary mitochondria, which is crucial to sustaining mitochondrialquality control. In numerous human diseases, the accumulationof damaged mitochondria by impaired mitophagyhas been observed. However, the therapeutic strategy targetingof mitoNEET as a mitophagy-enhancing mediator requires furtherresearch. Herein, we confirmed that mitophagy is indeed activatedby mitoNEET inhibition. CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone), which leads to mitochondrial depolarization, inducesmitochondrial dysfunction and superoxide production. This, inturn, contributes to the induction of mitophagy; mitoNEET proteinlevels were initially increased before an increase in LC3-Ⅱ proteinfollowing CCCP treatment. Pharmacological inhibition ofmitoNEET using mitoNEET Ligand-1 (NL-1) promoted accumulationof Pink1 and Parkin, which are mitophagy-associated proteins,and activation of mitochondria–lysosome crosstalk, in comparisonto CCCP alone. Inhibition of mitoNEET using NL-1, or mitoNEETshRNA transfected into RAW264.7 cells, abrogated CCCP-inducedROS and mitochondrial cell death; additionally, it activated theexpression of PGC-1α and SOD2, regulators of oxidative metabolism. In particular, the increase in PGC-1α, which is a majorregulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, promotes mitochondrialquality control. These results indicated that mitoNEET is a potentialtherapeutic target in numerous human diseases to enhancemitophagy and protect cells by maintaining a network of healthymitochondria.

참고문헌 (27)

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