The effects of early exercise in traumatic brain-injured rats with changes in motor ability, brain tissue, and biomarkers
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is brain damage which is causedby the impact of external mechanical forces. TBI can lead to thetemporary or permanent impairment of physical and cognitiveabilities, resulting in abnormal behavior. We recently observedthat a single session of early exercise in animals with TBI improvedtheir behavioral performance in the absence of othercognitive abnormalities. In the present study, we investigatedthe therapeutic effects of continuous exercise during the earlystages of TBI in rats. We found that continuous low-intensityexercise in early-stage improves the locomotion recovery in theTBI of animal models; however, it does not significantly enhanceshort-term memory capabilities. Moreover, continuousearly exercise not only reduces the protein expression of cerebraldamage-related markers, such as Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein(GFAP), Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE), S100β, Protein GeneProducts 9.5 (PGP9.5), and Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), butit also decreases the expression of apoptosis-related protein BAXand cleaved caspase 3. Furthermore, exercise training in animalswith TBI decreases the microglia activation and the expressionof inflammatory cytokines in the serum, such as CCL20, IL-13,IL-1α, and IL-1β. These findings thus demonstrate that earlyexercise therapy for TBI may be an effective strategy in improvingphysiological function, and that serum protein levels are usefulbiomarkers for the predicition of the effectiveness of early exercisetherapy.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is brain damage which is causedby the impact of external mechanical forces. TBI can lead to thetemporary or permanent impairment of physical and cognitiveabilities, resulting in abnormal behavior. We recently observedthat a single session of early exercise in animals with TBI improvedtheir behavioral performance in the absence of othercognitive abnormalities. In the present study, we investigatedthe therapeutic effects of continuous exercise during the earlystages of TBI in rats. We found that continuous low-intensityexercise in early-stage improves the locomotion recovery in theTBI of animal models; however, it does not significantly enhanceshort-term memory capabilities. Moreover, continuousearly exercise not only reduces the protein expression of cerebraldamage-related markers, such as Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein(GFAP), Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE), S100β, Protein GeneProducts 9.5 (PGP9.5), and Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), butit also decreases the expression of apoptosis-related protein BAXand cleaved caspase 3. Furthermore, exercise training in animalswith TBI decreases the microglia activation and the expressionof inflammatory cytokines in the serum, such as CCL20, IL-13,IL-1α, and IL-1β. These findings thus demonstrate that earlyexercise therapy for TBI may be an effective strategy in improvingphysiological function, and that serum protein levels are usefulbiomarkers for the predicition of the effectiveness of early exercisetherapy.
참고문헌 (35)
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