The role of EZH1 and EZH2 in development and cancer
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Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) exhibits key roles inmammalian development through its temporospatial repressionof gene expression. EZH1 or EZH2 is the catalytic subunitof PRC2 that mediates the mono-, di- and tri-methylation ofhistone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me1/2/3), H3K27me2/me3 being ahallmark of facultative heterochromatin. PRC2 is a chromatinmodifyingenzyme that is recruited to a limited number of“nucleation sites”, spreads H3K27 methylation and fosterschromatin compaction. EZH1 and EZH2 exhibit differences intheir expression patterns, levels of histone methyltransferaseactivity (HMT) in the context of PRC2, and DNA/nucleosomebinding activity. This suggests that their roles in heterochromatinformation are disparate. Dysregulation of PRC2 activityleads to aberrant gene expression and is implicated in cancerand developmental diseases. In this review, we discuss thedistinct function of PRC2/EZH1 and PRC2/EZH2 in the earlyand late developmental stages. We then discuss the cancersassociated with PRC2/EZH1 and PRC2/EZH2.
Abstract
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) exhibits key roles inmammalian development through its temporospatial repressionof gene expression. EZH1 or EZH2 is the catalytic subunitof PRC2 that mediates the mono-, di- and tri-methylation ofhistone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me1/2/3), H3K27me2/me3 being ahallmark of facultative heterochromatin. PRC2 is a chromatinmodifyingenzyme that is recruited to a limited number of“nucleation sites”, spreads H3K27 methylation and fosterschromatin compaction. EZH1 and EZH2 exhibit differences intheir expression patterns, levels of histone methyltransferaseactivity (HMT) in the context of PRC2, and DNA/nucleosomebinding activity. This suggests that their roles in heterochromatinformation are disparate. Dysregulation of PRC2 activityleads to aberrant gene expression and is implicated in cancerand developmental diseases. In this review, we discuss thedistinct function of PRC2/EZH1 and PRC2/EZH2 in the earlyand late developmental stages. We then discuss the cancersassociated with PRC2/EZH1 and PRC2/EZH2.
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