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The role of immunomodulatory metabolites in shaping the inflammatory response of macrophages

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Macrophage activation has long been implicated in a myriadof human pathophysiology, particularly in the context of thedysregulated capacities of an unleashing intracellular or/andextracellular inflammatory response. A growing number of studieshave functionally coupled the macrophages’ inflammatory capacitieswith dynamic metabolic reprogramming which occurs duringactivation, albeit the results have been mostly interpretedthrough classic metabolism point of view; macrophages takeadvantage of the rewired metabolism as a source of energyand for biosynthetic precursors. However, a specific subset ofmetabolic products, namely immune-modulatory metabolites,has recently emerged as significant regulatory signals whichcontrol inflammatory responses in macrophages and the relevantextracellular milieu. In this review, we introduce recentlyhighlighted immuno-modulatory metabolites, with the aim ofunderstanding their physiological and pathological relevancein the macrophage inflammatory response.

Abstract

Macrophage activation has long been implicated in a myriadof human pathophysiology, particularly in the context of thedysregulated capacities of an unleashing intracellular or/andextracellular inflammatory response. A growing number of studieshave functionally coupled the macrophages’ inflammatory capacitieswith dynamic metabolic reprogramming which occurs duringactivation, albeit the results have been mostly interpretedthrough classic metabolism point of view; macrophages takeadvantage of the rewired metabolism as a source of energyand for biosynthetic precursors. However, a specific subset ofmetabolic products, namely immune-modulatory metabolites,has recently emerged as significant regulatory signals whichcontrol inflammatory responses in macrophages and the relevantextracellular milieu. In this review, we introduce recentlyhighlighted immuno-modulatory metabolites, with the aim ofunderstanding their physiological and pathological relevancein the macrophage inflammatory response.

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