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Fluorescence-based techniques for investigating estrogen receptor dynamics

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Understanding estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways iscrucial for uncovering the mechanisms behind estrogen-relateddiseases, such as breast cancer, and addressing the effects ofenvironmental estrogenic disruptors. Traditionally, ER signalinginvolves genomic events, including ligand binding, receptordimerization, and transcriptional modulation within cellularnuclei. However, recent research have revealed ERs also participatein non-genomic signaling pathways, adding complexityto their functions. Researchers use advanced fluorescence-basedtechniques, leveraging fluorescent probes (FPb) to study ERdynamics in living cells, such as spatial distribution, expressionkinetics, and functional activities. This review systematicallyexamines the application of fluorescent probes in ERsignaling research, covering the visualization of ER, ligandreceptorinteractions, receptor dimerization, estrogen responseelements (EREs)-mediated transcriptional activation, and G-proteincoupledestrogen receptor (GPER) signaling. Our aim is toprovide researchers with valuable insights for employing FPbin their explorations of ER signaling.

Abstract

Understanding estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways iscrucial for uncovering the mechanisms behind estrogen-relateddiseases, such as breast cancer, and addressing the effects ofenvironmental estrogenic disruptors. Traditionally, ER signalinginvolves genomic events, including ligand binding, receptordimerization, and transcriptional modulation within cellularnuclei. However, recent research have revealed ERs also participatein non-genomic signaling pathways, adding complexityto their functions. Researchers use advanced fluorescence-basedtechniques, leveraging fluorescent probes (FPb) to study ERdynamics in living cells, such as spatial distribution, expressionkinetics, and functional activities. This review systematicallyexamines the application of fluorescent probes in ERsignaling research, covering the visualization of ER, ligandreceptorinteractions, receptor dimerization, estrogen responseelements (EREs)-mediated transcriptional activation, and G-proteincoupledestrogen receptor (GPER) signaling. Our aim is toprovide researchers with valuable insights for employing FPbin their explorations of ER signaling.

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