Diagnosis and therapeutic targeting of quiescent cancer cells: road to conquer cancer recurrence
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Quiescent cancer cells (QCCs) are considered an origin of cancerrecurrence and present an ongoing challenge in cancer treatment. Following anti-cancer therapy, non-proliferating, therapy-resistantQCCs have been detected as subsets of residual cancer cellswithin patients. Clinicians and researchers widely believe thatthese minimal residual QCCs can eventually regain proliferativeactivity, acting as “seeds” for cancer recurrence. Despitethe significance of QCCs, tracing and analyzing these microscopicresidual cells in vivo models and patients remainsextremely challenging, limiting our understanding. Consequently,reliable biomarkers for QCCs and the mechanisms underlyingtheir ‘reversible’ reactivation are still poorly understood. Thisknowledge gap has hindered the development of diagnosticsand targeted therapies for QCCs. The absence of diagnostictools for QCCs also complicates predicting cancer relapse anddetermining the optimal duration of anti-cancer treatment. Moreover, without strategies to eradicate QCCs, preventingcancer recurrence remains elusive. This review aims to providean overview of the current understanding of QCCs and relateddiagnostic efforts in both basic and clinical research. Additionally,potential strategies for the targeted elimination of QCCsare explored. Focused research and clinical attention to diagnosingand eradicating residual QCCs are essential for preventingcancer recurrence and ultimately conquering this deadly disease.
Abstract
Quiescent cancer cells (QCCs) are considered an origin of cancerrecurrence and present an ongoing challenge in cancer treatment. Following anti-cancer therapy, non-proliferating, therapy-resistantQCCs have been detected as subsets of residual cancer cellswithin patients. Clinicians and researchers widely believe thatthese minimal residual QCCs can eventually regain proliferativeactivity, acting as “seeds” for cancer recurrence. Despitethe significance of QCCs, tracing and analyzing these microscopicresidual cells in vivo models and patients remainsextremely challenging, limiting our understanding. Consequently,reliable biomarkers for QCCs and the mechanisms underlyingtheir ‘reversible’ reactivation are still poorly understood. Thisknowledge gap has hindered the development of diagnosticsand targeted therapies for QCCs. The absence of diagnostictools for QCCs also complicates predicting cancer relapse anddetermining the optimal duration of anti-cancer treatment. Moreover, without strategies to eradicate QCCs, preventingcancer recurrence remains elusive. This review aims to providean overview of the current understanding of QCCs and relateddiagnostic efforts in both basic and clinical research. Additionally,potential strategies for the targeted elimination of QCCsare explored. Focused research and clinical attention to diagnosingand eradicating residual QCCs are essential for preventingcancer recurrence and ultimately conquering this deadly disease.