Advancing membrane biology: single-molecule approaches meet model membrane systems
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Model membrane systems have emerged as essential platformsfor investigating membrane-associated processes in controlledenvironments, mimicking biological membranes without thecomplexity of cellular systems. However, integrating thesemodel systems with single-molecule techniques remains challengingdue to the fluidity of lipid membranes, including undulationsand the lateral mobility of lipids and proteins. Thismini-review explores the evolution of various model membranesranging from black lipid membranes to nanodiscs and giantunilamellar vesicles as they adapt to accommodate electrophysiology,force spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Wehighlight recent advancements, including innovations in forcespectroscopy and single-molecule imaging using free-standinglipid bilayers, and the development of membrane platformswith tunable composition and curvature for improving fluorescence-based studies of protein dynamics. These integratedapproaches have provided deep insights into ion channel function,membrane fusion, protein mechanics, and protein dynamics. We highlight how the synergy between single-molecule techniquesand model membranes enhances our understanding ofcomplex cellular processes, paving the way for future discoveriesin membrane biology and biophysics.
Abstract
Model membrane systems have emerged as essential platformsfor investigating membrane-associated processes in controlledenvironments, mimicking biological membranes without thecomplexity of cellular systems. However, integrating thesemodel systems with single-molecule techniques remains challengingdue to the fluidity of lipid membranes, including undulationsand the lateral mobility of lipids and proteins. Thismini-review explores the evolution of various model membranesranging from black lipid membranes to nanodiscs and giantunilamellar vesicles as they adapt to accommodate electrophysiology,force spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Wehighlight recent advancements, including innovations in forcespectroscopy and single-molecule imaging using free-standinglipid bilayers, and the development of membrane platformswith tunable composition and curvature for improving fluorescence-based studies of protein dynamics. These integratedapproaches have provided deep insights into ion channel function,membrane fusion, protein mechanics, and protein dynamics. We highlight how the synergy between single-molecule techniquesand model membranes enhances our understanding ofcomplex cellular processes, paving the way for future discoveriesin membrane biology and biophysics.